Early Pleistocene large mammals from Maka'amitalu, Hadar, lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia.

Autor:	Rowan J; Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States., Lazagabaster IA; Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany., Campisano CJ; Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States., Bibi F; Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany., Bobe R; Primate Models for Behavioural Evolution, Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.; Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique.; Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal., Boisserie JR; Laboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.; Centre Français des Etudes Ethiopiennes (CNRS and Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Ambassade de France, Ethiopia), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Frost SR; Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States., Getachew T; Laboratoire Paléontologie Évolution Paléoécosystèmes Paléoprimatologie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.; Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Gilbert CC; Department of Anthropology, City University of New York, Hunter College, New York, United States.; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, United States., Lewis ME; Biology Program, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey, United States., Melaku S; Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Paleoanthropology and Paleoenvironment Program, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Scott E; Cogstone Resource Management Inc, Orange, California, United States.; Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, California, United States., Souron A; PACEA, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France., Werdelin L; Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden., Kimbel WH; Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States., Reed KE; Institute of Human Origins, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PeerJ [PeerJ] 2022 Apr 06; Vol. 10, pp. e13210. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 06 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.7717/peerj.13210
Abstrakt:	The Early Pleistocene was a critical time period in the evolution of eastern African mammal faunas, but fossil assemblages sampling this interval are poorly known from Ethiopia's Afar Depression. Field work by the Hadar Research Project in the Busidima Formation exposures (~2.7-0.8 Ma) of Hadar in the lower Awash Valley, resulted in the recovery of an early Homo maxilla (A.L. 666-1) with associated stone tools and fauna from the Maka'amitalu basin in the 1990s. These assemblages are dated to ~2.35 Ma by the Bouroukie Tuff 3 (BKT-3). Continued work by the Hadar Research Project over the last two decades has greatly expanded the faunal collection. Here, we provide a comprehensive account of the Maka'amitalu large mammals (Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Perissodactyla, Primates, and Proboscidea) and discuss their paleoecological and biochronological significance. The size of the Maka'amitalu assemblage is small compared to those from the Hadar Formation (3.45-2.95 Ma) and Ledi-Geraru (2.8-2.6 Ma) but includes at least 20 taxa. Bovids, suids, and Theropithecus are common in terms of both species richness and abundance, whereas carnivorans, equids, and megaherbivores are rare. While the taxonomic composition of the Maka'amitalu fauna indicates significant species turnover from the Hadar Formation and Ledi-Geraru deposits, turnover seems to have occurred at a constant rate through time as taxonomic dissimilarity between adjacent fossil assemblages is strongly predicted by their age difference. A similar pattern characterizes functional ecological turnover, with only subtle changes in dietary proportions, body size proportions, and bovid abundances across the composite lower Awash sequence. Biochronological comparisons with other sites in eastern Africa suggest that the taxa recovered from the Maka'amitalu are broadly consistent with the reported age of the BKT-3 tuff. Considering the age of BKT-3 and biochronology, a range of 2.4-1.9 Ma is most likely for the faunal assemblage. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. (© 2022 Rowan et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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