| Autor: |
Growns B; School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University., Mattijssen EJAT; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen., Salerno JM; School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University., Schweitzer NJ; School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University., Cole SA; School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine., Martire KA; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales. |
| Jazyk: |
angličtina |
| Zdroj: |
Journal of experimental psychology. Applied [J Exp Psychol Appl] 2023 Jun; Vol. 29 (2), pp. 386-397. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 11. |
| DOI: |
10.1037/xap0000422 |
| Abstrakt: |
Forensic feature-comparison examiners compare-or "match"-evidence samples (e.g., fingerprints) to provide judgments about the source of the evidence. Research demonstrates that examiners in select disciplines possess expertise in this task by outperforming novices-yet the psychological mechanisms underpinning this expertise are unclear. This article investigates one implicated mechanism: statistical learning, the ability to learn how often things occur in the environment. This ability is likely important in forensic decision-making as samples sharing rarer statistical information are more likely to come from the same source than those sharing more common information. We investigated 46 fingerprint examiners' and 52 novices' statistical learning of fingerprint categories and application of this knowledge in a source-likelihood judgment task. Participants completed four measures of their statistical learning (frequency discrimination judgments, bounded and unbounded frequency estimates, and source-likelihood judgments) before and after familiarization to the "ground-truth" category frequencies. Compared to novices, fingerprint examiners had superior domain-specific statistical learning across all measures-both before and after familiarization. This suggests that fingerprint expertise facilitates domain-specific statistical learning-something that has important theoretical and applied implications for the development of training programs and statistical databases in forensic science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved). |
| Databáze: |
MEDLINE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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