Uncovering Novel Viral Innate Immune Evasion Strategies: What Has SARS-CoV-2 Taught Us?

Autor:	Tay DJW; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Lew ZZR; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Chu JJH; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Collaborative and Translation Unit for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore., Tan KS; Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Infectious Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in microbiology [Front Microbiol] 2022 Mar 23; Vol. 13, pp. 844447. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 23 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2022.844447
Abstrakt:	The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has tested the capabilities of public health and scientific community. Since the dawn of the twenty-first century, viruses have caused several outbreaks, with coronaviruses being responsible for 2: SARS-CoV in 2007 and MERS-CoV in 2013. As the border between wildlife and the urban population continue to shrink, it is highly likely that zoonotic viruses may emerge more frequently. Furthermore, it has been shown repeatedly that these viruses are able to efficiently evade the innate immune system through various strategies. The strong and abundant antiviral innate immunity evasion strategies shown by SARS-CoV-2 has laid out shortcomings in our approach to quickly identify and modulate these mechanisms. It is thus imperative that there be a systematic framework for the study of the immune evasion strategies of these viruses, to guide development of therapeutics and curtail transmission. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of general viral evasion strategies against the innate immune system. Then, we utilize SARS-CoV-2 as a case study to highlight the methods used to identify the mechanisms of innate immune evasion, and pinpoint the shortcomings in the current paradigm with its focus on overexpression and protein-protein interactions. Finally, we provide a recommendation for future work to unravel viral innate immune evasion strategies and suitable methods to aid in the study of virus-host interactions. The insights provided from this review may then be applied to other viruses with outbreak potential to remain ahead in the arms race against viral diseases. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Tay, Lew, Chu and Tan.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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