Impact of diseases and pests on premature fruit drop in sweet orange orchards in São Paulo state citrus belt, Brazil.

Autor: Moreira RR; Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - Fundecitrus, Araraquara, Brazil., Machado FJ; Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - Fundecitrus, Araraquara, Brazil.; Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil., Lanza FE; Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - Fundecitrus, Araraquara, Brazil., Trombin VG; Markestrat Group, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., Bassanezi RB; Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - Fundecitrus, Araraquara, Brazil., de Miranda MP; Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - Fundecitrus, Araraquara, Brazil., Barbosa JC; Departamento de Estatística, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Jaboticabal, Brazil., da Silva Junior GJ; Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - Fundecitrus, Araraquara, Brazil., Behlau F; Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura - Fundecitrus, Araraquara, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Pest management science [Pest Manag Sci] 2022 Jun; Vol. 78 (6), pp. 2643-2656. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 18.
DOI: 10.1002/ps.6894
Abstrakt: Background: Despite technical improvements in the citrus chain and leadership in orange production achieved in the past decades, premature fruit drop remains a major component of crop loss in São Paulo state citrus belt, the largest sweet orange production area in the world. The present study aimed to determine, during five consecutive seasons, the impact of the diseases and pests on premature fruit drop in the orange belt.
Results: Fruit drop due to the main diseases and pests averaged approximately 11.0%, which corresponded to approximately 63% of the annual fruit drop. The average fruit drop rate due to fruit borer and fruit flies combined was 4.0%, Huanglongbing (HLB) 3.3%, black spot 2.6%, leprosis 1.0% and citrus canker 0.3%. The average amount of fruit drop (million 40.8 kg boxes) and value of crop losses (million US$ dollars), in five seasons, were 12.7 and 66.2 for fruit borer/fruit flies, 11.0 and 57.9 for HLB, 8.1 and 42.2 for black spot, 3.1 and 15.6 for leprosis, and 0.9 and 4.9 for citrus canker, respectively.
Conclusion: Fruit borer and fruit flies (combined), HLB, black spot, leprosis and citrus canker are, in this order, the main diseases and pests in the orange belt of São Paulo state. All of these causes significantly increased the overall fruit drop rate in the evaluated seasons. The results will contribute to the development of the Brazilian citrus industry, while showing to other citrus-growing regions the potential that diseases and pests have to jeopardize production. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
(© 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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