Bridge to the future: Important lessons from 20 years of ecosystem observations made by the OzFlux network.

Autor: Beringer J; School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia., Moore CE; School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.; Institute for Sustainability, Energy and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA., Cleverly J; Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia., Campbell DI; Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand., Cleugh H; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia., De Kauwe MG; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Kirschbaum MUF; Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand., Griebel A; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Grover S; Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia., Huete A; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia., Hutley LB; College of Engineering, IT & Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, New Territory, Australia., Laubach J; Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand., Van Niel T; CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia., Arndt SK; School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia., Bennett AC; School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia., Cernusak LA; Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia., Eamus D; Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia., Ewenz CM; Airborne Research Australia, TERN Ecosystem Processes Central Node, Parafield, South Australia, Australia.; Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia., Goodrich JP; Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand., Jiang M; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Hinko-Najera N; School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Victoria, Australia., Isaac P; School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.; Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia., Hobeichi S; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Knauer J; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Koerber GR; Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Liddell M; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia., Ma X; College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China., Macfarlane C; CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley, Western Australia, Australia., McHugh ID; School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, Australia.; Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Queensland, Australia., Medlyn BE; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Meyer WS; Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Norton AJ; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA., Owens J; Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia., Pitman A; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Pendall E; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia., Prober SM; CSIRO Land and Water, Wembley, Western Australia, Australia., Ray RL; College of Agriculture and Human Sciences, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas, USA., Restrepo-Coupe N; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA., Rifai SW; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Rowlings D; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Schipper L; Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand., Silberstein RP; School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.; School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia., Teckentrup L; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Thompson SE; Department of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA., Ukkola AM; ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Wall A; Te Aka Mātuatua - School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand., Wang YP; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia., Wardlaw TJ; ARC Centre for Forest Values, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia., Woodgate W; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; CSIRO Space and Astronomy, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Global change biology [Glob Chang Biol] 2022 Jun; Vol. 28 (11), pp. 3489-3514. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 22.
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16141
Abstrakt: In 2020, the Australian and New Zealand flux research and monitoring network, OzFlux, celebrated its 20 th anniversary by reflecting on the lessons learned through two decades of ecosystem studies on global change biology. OzFlux is a network not only for ecosystem researchers, but also for those 'next users' of the knowledge, information and data that such networks provide. Here, we focus on eight lessons across topics of climate change and variability, disturbance and resilience, drought and heat stress and synergies with remote sensing and modelling. In distilling the key lessons learned, we also identify where further research is needed to fill knowledge gaps and improve the utility and relevance of the outputs from OzFlux. Extreme climate variability across Australia and New Zealand (droughts and flooding rains) provides a natural laboratory for a global understanding of ecosystems in this time of accelerating climate change. As evidence of worsening global fire risk emerges, the natural ability of these ecosystems to recover from disturbances, such as fire and cyclones, provides lessons on adaptation and resilience to disturbance. Drought and heatwaves are common occurrences across large parts of the region and can tip an ecosystem's carbon budget from a net CO 2 sink to a net CO 2 source. Despite such responses to stress, ecosystems at OzFlux sites show their resilience to climate variability by rapidly pivoting back to a strong carbon sink upon the return of favourable conditions. Located in under-represented areas, OzFlux data have the potential for reducing uncertainties in global remote sensing products, and these data provide several opportunities to develop new theories and improve our ecosystem models. The accumulated impacts of these lessons over the last 20 years highlights the value of long-term flux observations for natural and managed systems. A future vision for OzFlux includes ongoing and newly developed synergies with ecophysiologists, ecologists, geologists, remote sensors and modellers.
(© 2022 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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