Chronic stress and captivity alter the cloacal microbiome of a wild songbird.

Autor:	Madden AA; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.; The Microbe Institute, Everett, MA 02149, USA., Oliverio AM; Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.; Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA., Kearns PJ; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA., Henley JB; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA., Fierer N; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA., Starks PTB; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA., Wolfe BE; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA., Romero LM; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA., Lattin CR; Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Journal of experimental biology [J Exp Biol] 2022 Apr 01; Vol. 225 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 12.
DOI:	10.1242/jeb.243176
Abstrakt:	There are complex interactions between an organism's microbiome and its response to stressors, often referred to as the 'gut-brain axis'; however, the ecological relevance of this axis in wild animals remains poorly understood. Here, we used a chronic mild stress protocol to induce stress in wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus), and compared microbial communities among stressed animals, those recovering from stress, captive controls (unstressed) and a group not brought into captivity. We assessed changes in microbial communities and abundance of shed microbes by culturing cloacal samples on multiple media to select for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi. We complemented this with cultivation-independent 16S and ITS rRNA gene amplification and sequencing, pairing these results with host physiological and immune metrics, including body mass change, relative spleen mass and plasma corticosterone concentrations. We found significant effects of stress and captivity on the house sparrow microbiomes, with stress leading to an increased relative abundance of endotoxin-producing bacteria - a possible mechanism for the hyperinflammatory response observed in captive avians. While we found evidence that the microbiome community partially recovers after stress cessation, animals may lose key taxa, and the abundance of endotoxin-producing bacteria persists. Our results suggest an overall link between chronic stress, host immune system and the microbiome, with the loss of potentially beneficial taxa (e.g. lactic acid bacteria), and an increase in endotoxin-producing bacteria due to stress and captivity. Ultimately, consideration of the host's microbiome may be useful when evaluating the impact of stressors on individual and population health. Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. (© 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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