Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover.

Autor: Santangelo JS; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Ness RW; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Cohan B; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Fitzpatrick CR; Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA., Innes SG; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.; Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, USA., Koch S; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Miles LS; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Munim S; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada., Peres-Neto PR; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada., Prashad C; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Tong AT; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Aguirre WE; Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA., Akinwole PO; Department of Biology, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN, USA., Alberti M; Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Álvarez J; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador., Anderson JT; Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA., Anderson JJ; Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Ando Y; Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan., Andrew NR; Natural History Museum, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia., Angeoletto F; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFMT, campus de Rondonópolis, Cuiabá, Brazil., Anstett DN; Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Anstett J; Graduate Program in Genome Sciences and Technology, Genome Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada., Aoki-Gonçalves F; Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Xalapa, Mexico., Arietta AZA; School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA., Arroyo MTK; Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Austen EJ; Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada., Baena-Díaz F; Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, Mexico., Barker CA; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada., Baylis HA; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Beliz JM; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA., Benitez-Mora A; Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile., Bickford D; Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA., Biedebach G; Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA., Blackburn GS; Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada., Boehm MMA; Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., Bonser SP; Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Bonte D; Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Bragger JR; Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA., Branquinho C; Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal., Brans KI; Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Bresciano JC; School of Agriculture and Environment, Wildlife and Ecology group, Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand., Brom PD; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Bucharova A; Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany., Burt B; Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA., Cahill JF; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada., Campbell KD; Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada., Carlen EJ; Louis Calder Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA., Carmona D; Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México., Castellanos MC; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK., Centenaro G; Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden., Chalen I; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.; iBIOTROP Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador., Chaves JA; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.; Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA., Chávez-Pesqueira M; Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán AC, Mérida, Yucatán, México., Chen XY; School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Plant Innovation, Shanghai 200231, China., Chilton AM; Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Chomiak KM; Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA., Cisneros-Heredia DF; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.; iBIOTROP Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador., Cisse IK; Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA., Classen AT; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Comerford MS; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA., Fradinger CC; IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Corney H; Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada., Crawford AJ; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia., Crawford KM; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Dahirel M; ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), Université de Rennes, Rennes, France., David S; Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada., De Haan R; Department of Environmental Studies, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA, USA., Deacon NJ; Department of Biology, Minneapolis Community and Technical College, Minneapolis, MN, USA., Dean C; Department of Natural Sciences, Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK., Del-Val E; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico., Deligiannis EK; Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece., Denney D; Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA., Dettlaff MA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada., DiLeo MF; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Ding YY; School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China., Domínguez-López ME; Corporación Científica Ingeobosque, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.; GTA Colombia S.A.S. Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia., Dominoni DM; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK., Draud SL; Department of Biology, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA., Dyson K; Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Ellers J; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands., Espinosa CI; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador., Essi L; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil., Falahati-Anbaran M; Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.; NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway., Falcão JCF; Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, Mexico., Fargo HT; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Fellowes MDE; School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, Reading, Berkshire, UK., Fitzpatrick RM; Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA., Flaherty LE; Department of Biological Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada., Flood PJ; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany., Flores MF; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Fornoni J; Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México., Foster AG; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany., Frost CJ; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Fuentes TL; Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Fulkerson JR; Alaska Center for Conservation Science, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA., Gagnon E; Tropical Diversity, Royal Botanical Garden of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; Département de biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada., Garbsch F; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany., Garroway CJ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada., Gerstein AC; Departments of Microbiology & Statistics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada., Giasson MM; Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada., Girdler EB; Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, USA., Gkelis S; Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece., Godsoe W; BioProtection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand., Golemiec AM; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada., Golemiec M; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada., González-Lagos C; Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.; Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile., Gorton AJ; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behaviour University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA., Gotanda KM; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada., Granath G; Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Greiner S; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany., Griffiths JS; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA., Grilo F; Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal., Gundel PE; IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; ICB - University of Talca, Chile., Hamilton B; Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA., Hardin JM; Department of Biology, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA., He T; School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.; College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia., Heard SB; Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada., Henriques AF; Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal., Hernández-Poveda M; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia., Hetherington-Rauth MC; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Hill SJ; Natural History Museum, Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia., Hochuli DF; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Hodgins KA; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Hood GR; Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA., Hopkins GR; Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR, USA., Hovanes KA; School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA., Howard AR; Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR, USA., Hubbard SC; Department of Biology, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA., Ibarra-Cerdeña CN; Departamento de Ecología Humana, Cinvestav Mérida, Yucatan, México., Iñiguez-Armijos C; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador., Jara-Arancio P; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.; Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Chile., Jarrett BJM; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Jeannot M; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway., Jiménez-Lobato V; Escuela Superiro de Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero -CONACYT, Las Tunas, Mexico., Johnson M; Clarkson Secondary School, Peel District School Board, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Johnson O; Homelands Sr. Public School, Peel District School Board, Mississauga, ON, Canada., Johnson PP; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Johnson R; St. James Catholic Global Learning Centre, Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board, Mississauga ON, Canada., Josephson MP; Department of Biosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada., Jung MC; Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Just MG; Ecological Processes Branch, U.S. Army ERDC-CERL, Champaign, IL, USA., Kahilainen A; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Kailing OS; Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA., Kariñho-Betancourt E; Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico., Karousou R; Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece., Kirn LA; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Kirschbaum A; Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Laine AL; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland., LaMontagne JM; Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA.; Urban Wildlife Institute, Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA., Lampei C; Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany., Lara C; Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile., Larson EL; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA., Lázaro-Lobo A; Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA., Le JH; Department of Biology, Center for Computational & Integrative Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, NJ, USA., Leandro DS; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia da UFMT, campus de Rondonópolis, Brasil., Lee C; School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Lei Y; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China., León CA; Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile., Lequerica Tamara ME; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Levesque DC; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada., Liao WJ; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China., Ljubotina M; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada., Locke H; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Lockett MT; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Longo TC; Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA., Lundholm JT; Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada., MacGillavry T; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK., Mackin CR; School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK., Mahmoud AR; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA., Manju IA; Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR, USA., Mariën J; Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands., Martínez DN; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico.; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico., Martínez-Bartolomé M; Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA.; Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA., Meineke EK; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA., Mendoza-Arroyo W; Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico., Merritt TJS; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada., Merritt LEL; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada., Migiani G; Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK., Minor ES; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Mitchell N; Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.; Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI 54701., Mohammadi Bazargani M; Agriculture Institute, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran., Moles AT; Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Monk JD; School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA., Moore CM; Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA., Morales-Morales PA; Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia., Moyers BT; Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA.; Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA., Muñoz-Rojas M; Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain., Munshi-South J; Louis Calder Center and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA., Murphy SM; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA., Murúa MM; Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Centro GEMA- Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile., Neila M; Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile., Nikolaidis O; Department of Biology, Center for Computational & Integrative Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, NJ, USA., Njunjić I; Evolutionary Ecology Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands., Nosko P; Department of Biology and Chemistry, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada., Núñez-Farfán J; Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México., Ohgushi T; Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan., Olsen KM; Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA., Opedal ØH; Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden., Ornelas C; Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA., Parachnowitsch AL; Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.; Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada., Paratore AS; Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA., Parody-Merino AM; School of Agriculture and Environment, Wildlife and Ecology group, Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatu, New Zealand., Paule J; Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Paulo OS; Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal., Pena JC; Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil., Pfeiffer VW; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA., Pinho P; Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal., Piot A; Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada., Porth IM; Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada., Poulos N; Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Puentes A; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden., Qu J; Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Quintero-Vallejo E; Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnologia, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia., Raciti SM; Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Long Island, NY, USA., Raeymaekers JAM; Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway., Raveala KM; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Organismal & Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Rennison DJ; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA., Ribeiro MC; Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil., Richardson JL; Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA., Rivas-Torres G; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.; Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador., Rivera BJ; Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, USA., Roddy AB; Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA., Rodriguez-Muñoz E; Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia., Román JR; Agronomy Department, University of Almería, Almería, Spain., Rossi LS; Department of Biology and Chemistry, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada., Rowntree JK; Department of Natural Sciences, Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK., Ryan TJ; Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Urban Ecology and Sustainability, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN, USA., Salinas S; Department of Biology, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI, USA., Sanders NJ; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Santiago-Rosario LY; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA., Savage AM; Department of Biology, Center for Computational & Integrative Biology, Rutgers University-Camden, Camden, NJ, USA., Scheepens JF; Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Schilthuizen M; Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands., Schneider AC; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.; Department of Biology, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA., Scholier T; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland., Scott JL; Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA., Shaheed SA; Department of Biology, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ, USA., Shefferson RP; Organization for Programs on Environmental Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan., Shepard CA; Department of Biology, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA., Shykoff JA; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France., Silveira G; Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA., Smith AD; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Solis-Gabriel L; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico., Soro A; General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany., Spellman KV; Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.; International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA., Whitney KS; Science, Technology and Society Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA., Starke-Ottich I; Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Stephan JG; Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.; SLU Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden., Stephens JD; Department of Biology, Westfield State University, Westfield, MA, USA., Szulc J; Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Szulkin M; Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Tack AJM; Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden., Tamburrino Í; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Tate TD; Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR, USA., Tergemina E; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany., Theodorou P; General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany., Thompson KA; Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Threlfall CG; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Tinghitella RM; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA., Toledo-Chelala L; Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, UNAM, Morelia, Mexico., Tong X; School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China., Uroy L; ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.; UMR 0980 BAGAP, Agrocampus Ouest-ESA-INRA, Rennes, France., Utsumi S; Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan., Vandegehuchte ML; Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway., VanWallendael A; Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA., Vidal PM; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile., Wadgymar SM; Biology Department, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA., Wang AY; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China., Wang N; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/ Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, Hubei, China., Warbrick ML; Department of Biology and Chemistry, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada., Whitney KD; Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA., Wiesmeier M; School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Wiles JT; Department of Biology, Hendrix College, Conway, AR, USA., Wu J; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China., Xirocostas ZA; Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Yan Z; College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/ Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, Hubei, China., Yao J; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China., Yoder JB; Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Yoshida O; Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada., Zhang J; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China., Zhao Z; School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China., Ziter CD; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada., Zuellig MP; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Zufall RA; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Zurita JE; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador., Zytynska SE; School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK., Johnson MTJ; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.; Centre for Urban Environments, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2022 Mar 18; Vol. 375 (6586), pp. 1275-1281. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 17.
DOI: 10.1126/science.abk0989
Abstrakt: Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
Databáze: MEDLINE