Comparative pulmonary toxicities of lunar dusts and terrestrial dusts (TiO 2 & SiO 2 ) in rats and an assessment of the impact of particle-generated oxidants on the dusts' toxicities.

Autor: Lam CW; Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Human Health and Performance Contract, KBR, Houston, TX, USA.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA., Castranova V; Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA., Zeidler-Erdely PC; Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA., Renne R; Roger Renne ToxPath Consulting Inc, Sumner, WA, USA., Hunter R; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA., McCluskey R; FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, USA., Scully RR; Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Human Health and Performance Contract, KBR, Houston, TX, USA., Wallace WT; Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Human Health and Performance Contract, KBR, Houston, TX, USA., Zhang Y; Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.; Utilization & Life Sciences Office, NASA Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA., Ryder VE; Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA., Cooper B; Astromaterials Research and Exploration Systems, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA., McKay D; Astromaterials Research and Exploration Systems, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA., McClellan RO; Toxicology and Human Health Risk Analysis, Albuquerque, NM, USA., Driscoll KE; Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA., Gardner DE; Inhalation Toxicology Associates, Savannah, GA, USA., Barger M; Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA., Meighan T; Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA., James JT; Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Inhalation toxicology [Inhal Toxicol] 2022; Vol. 34 (3-4), pp. 51-67. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 16.
DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2038736
Abstrakt: Humans will set foot on the Moon again soon. The lunar dust (LD) is potentially reactive and could pose an inhalation hazard to lunar explorers. We elucidated LD toxicity and investigated the toxicological impact of particle surface reactivity (SR) using three LDs, quartz, and TiO 2 . We first isolated the respirable-size-fraction of an Apollo-14 regolith and ground two coarser samples to produce fine LDs with increased SR. SR measurements of these five respirable-sized dusts, determined by their in-vitro ability to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH), showed that ground LDs > unground LD ≥ TiO 2 ≥ quartz. Rats were each intratracheally instilled with 0, 1, 2.5, or 7.5 mg of a test dust. Toxicity biomarkers and histopathology were assessed up to 13 weeks after the bolus instillation. All dusts caused dose-dependent-increases in pulmonary lesions and toxicity biomarkers. The three LDs, which possessed mineral compositions/properties similar to Arizona volcanic ash, were moderately toxic. Despite a 14-fold •OH difference among these three LDs, their toxicities were indistinguishable. Quartz produced the lowest •OH amount but showed the greatest toxicity. Our results showed no correlation between the toxicity of mineral dusts and their ability to generate free radicals. We also showed that the amounts of oxidants per neutrophil increased with doses, time and the cytotoxicity of the dusts in the lung, which supports our postulation that dust-elicited neutrophilia is the major persistent source of oxidative stress. These results and the discussion of the crucial roles of the short-lived, continuously replenished neutrophils in dust-induced pathogenesis are presented.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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