Calorie restriction improves metabolic state independently of gut microbiome composition: a randomized dietary intervention trial.

Autor: Sowah SA; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany.; Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany., Milanese A; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany., Schübel R; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany., Wirbel J; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany., Kartal E; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany., Johnson TS; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany., Hirche F; Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany., Grafetstätter M; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany., Nonnenmacher T; Heidelberg University Hospital, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany., Kirsten R; Biobank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., López-Nogueroles M; Analytical Unit, Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain., Lahoz A; Analytical Unit, Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain., Schwarz KV; Department of General Paediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center, Heidelberg, Germany., Okun JG; Department of General Paediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center, Heidelberg, Germany., Ulrich CM; Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA., Nattenmüller J; Heidelberg University Hospital, Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany., von Eckardstein A; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (IGFS), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Müller D; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (IGFS), University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Stangl GI; Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany., Kaaks R; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany., Kühn T; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany. t.kuhn@qub.ac.uk.; Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. t.kuhn@qub.ac.uk.; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. t.kuhn@qub.ac.uk., Zeller G; European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany. zeller@embl.de.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Genome medicine [Genome Med] 2022 Mar 14; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 30. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 14.
DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01030-0
Abstrakt: Background: The gut microbiota has been suggested to play a significant role in the development of overweight and obesity. However, the effects of calorie restriction on gut microbiota of overweight and obese adults, especially over longer durations, are largely unexplored.
Methods: Here, we longitudinally analyzed the effects of intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) operationalized as the 5:2 diet versus continuous calorie restriction (CCR) on fecal microbiota of 147 overweight or obese adults in a 50-week parallel-arm randomized controlled trial, the HELENA Trial. The primary outcome of the trial was the differential effects of ICR versus CCR on gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Changes in the gut microbiome, which are the focus of this publication, were defined as exploratory endpoint of the trial. The trial comprised a 12-week intervention period, a 12-week maintenance period, and a final follow-up period of 26 weeks.
Results: Both diets resulted in ~5% weight loss. However, except for Lactobacillales being enriched after ICR, post-intervention microbiome composition did not significantly differ between groups. Overall weight loss was associated with significant metabolic improvements, but not with changes in the gut microbiome. Nonetheless, the abundance of the Dorea genus at baseline was moderately predictive of subsequent weight loss (AUROC of 0.74 for distinguishing the highest versus lowest weight loss quartiles). Despite the lack of consistent intervention effects on microbiome composition, significant study group-independent co-variation between gut bacterial families and metabolic biomarkers, anthropometric measures, and dietary composition was detectable. Our analysis in particular revealed associations between insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) and Akkermansiaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Tanerellaceae. It also suggests the possibility of a beneficial modulation of the latter two intestinal taxa by a diet high in vegetables and fiber, and low in processed meat.
Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that the gut microbiome remains stable and highly individual-specific under dietary calorie restriction.
Trial Registration: The trial, including the present microbiome component, was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02449148 on May 20, 2015.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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