Modification of subcutaneous white adipose tissue inflammation by omega-3 fatty acids is limited in human obesity-a double blind, randomised clinical trial.

Autor:	Fisk HL; School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom. Electronic address: h.fisk@soton.ac.uk., Childs CE; School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom., Miles EA; School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom., Ayres R; School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom., Noakes PS; School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Medical School, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia., Paras-Chavez C; School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom., Kuda O; Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic., Kopecký J; Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic., Antoun E; School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom., Lillycrop KA; School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom., Calder PC; School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, IDS Building, MP887, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	EBioMedicine [EBioMedicine] 2022 Mar; Vol. 77, pp. 103909. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 02.
DOI:	10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103909
Abstrakt:	Background: Obesity is associated with enhanced inflammation. However, investigation in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is limited and the mechanisms by which inflammation occurs have not been well elucidated. Marine long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory actions and may reduce scWAT inflammation. Methods: Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) biopsies were collected from individuals living with obesity (n=45) and normal weight individuals (n=39) prior to and following a 12-week intervention with either 3 g/day of a fish oil concentrate (providing 1.1 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 0.8 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) or 3 g/day of corn oil. ScWAT fatty acid, oxylipin, and transcriptome profiles were assessed by gas chromatography, ultra-pure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR, respectively. Findings: Obesity was associated with greater scWAT inflammation demonstrated by lower concentrations of specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and hydroxy-DHA metabolites and an altered transcriptome with differential expression of genes involved in LC n-3 PUFA activation, oxylipin synthesis, inflammation, and immune response. Intervention with LC n-3 PUFAs increased their respective metabolites including the SPM precursor 14-hydroxy-DHA in normal weight individuals and decreased arachidonic acid derived metabolites and expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory response with a greater effect in normal weight individuals. Interpretation: Downregulated expression of genes responsible for fatty acid activation and metabolism may contribute to an inflammatory oxylipin profile and limit the effects of LC n-3 PUFAs in obesity. There may be a need for personalised LC n-3 PUFA supplementation based on obesity status. Funding: European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (Grant Number 244995) and Czech Academy of Sciences (Lumina quaeruntur LQ200111901). Competing Interests: Declaration of interests P.C. Calder undertakes unpaid voluntary work as the current President of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies (FENS) and as Past President of ILSI Europe. P.C Calder received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (Grant Number 244995). O. Kuda received funding from the Czech Academy of Sciences (Lumina quaeruntur LQ200111901). K.A. Lillycrop holds a contract with Benevolent AI Ltd. E.A. Miles received payment from Abbott Nutrition to present at The British Society for Allergy & Clinical Immunology (BSACI) conference in 2019. There are no other declarations of interests. (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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