Flavours and flavourings in waterpipe products: a comparison between tobacco, herbal molasses and steam stones.

Autor:	Bakker-'t Hart IME; Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands ingrid.t.hart@rivm.nl., Bakker F; Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Pennings JLA; Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Weibolt N; Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Eising S; Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Talhout R; Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Tobacco control [Tob Control] 2023 Sep; Vol. 32 (5), pp. 627-634. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 03.
DOI:	10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056955
Abstrakt:	ObjectivesFlavoured products are especially appealing to youth and contribute to the onset of waterpipe smoking and continued use of waterpipe tobacco. The goal of database and chemical analysis was to provide a clear overview of commonly used flavours and flavourings in tobacco and related waterpipe products, that is, herbal molasses and steam stones. Methods: In 2019, 249 waterpipe tobacco products were registered in the European Common Entry Gate by manufacturers to be marketed in The Netherlands. Flavour categories were assigned to the registered products based on their brand names and product descriptions. Nicotine and eleven 1111 flavourings were identified and quantified in waterpipe tobacco (n=8), herbal molasses (n=7) and steam stones (n=4) by extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Results: Flavour categories could be assigned to 237 of 249 registered waterpipe tobacco products. Eight flavour main categories and 48 unique subcategories were identified and presented in a flavour wheel. All registered waterpipe tobacco products were flavoured, and the majority (78%) was fruit flavoured. Herbal molasses contained similar median flavouring levels, and steam stones contained lower median levels compared with waterpipe tobacco. Flavourings in waterpipe products were almost exclusively fruity and sweet, often in combination with menthol/mint flavourings. Conclusions: This study is the first to present a waterpipe tobacco flavour wheel, providing a quick overview of waterpipe tobacco flavours and thereby aiding communication among experts around the globe. GC-MS analysis revealed that the most prevalent flavourings are present in similar levels in herbal and tobacco waterpipe products. Banning flavourings in all waterpipe products would be a good strategy to reduce waterpipe smoking among youth. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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