Increase in Hepatitis A Cases Linked to Imported Strains to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Autor: Mello VM; Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil., Bianchi LM; Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil., Sousa PSF; Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil., Tavares PS; Research Group on Territory and Politics, Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-916, Brazil., Di Salvo DRG; Cartography Laboratory, Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-916, Brazil., Ginuino CF; Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil., Almeida NAA; Molecular Virology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil., Fernandes CAS; Hepatitis Division, Rio de Janeiro Health State Secretariat, Rio de Janeiro 20211-110, Brazil., Mello FCA; Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil., Villar LM; Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil., Lewis-Ximenez LL; Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil., Lago BV; Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.; Institute of Technology in Immunobiologics-Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Viruses [Viruses] 2022 Feb 01; Vol. 14 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Feb 01.
DOI: 10.3390/v14020303
Abstrakt: This study aims to evaluate the epidemiological and molecular features associated with HAV transmission in adults in Rio de Janeiro during a period of increased registered cases of HAV (2017-2018). Socio-epidemiological data and serum samples from anti-HAV IgM+ individuals were obtained. HAV RNA was RT-PCR amplified and sequenced for further phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. From fifty-two HAV IgM+ individuals, most were men (78.85%; p = 0.024), aged 20-30 years old (84.61%; p < 0.001), resided in the Rio de Janeiro north zone (31/52; 59.62%; p = 0.001), and are men who have sex with men (MSM) (57.69%; p = 0.002). Sexual practices were more frequent (96%) than others risk factors (food-borne (44%), water-borne (42.31%), and parenteral (34.62%)). Individuals who traveled to endemic regions had a 7.19-fold (1.93-36.04; p < 0.01) increased risk of HAV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four distinct clades of subgenotype IA, three of them comprised sequences from European/Asian MSM outbreaks and one from Brazilian endemic strains. Bayesian Inference showed that the imported strains were introduced to Brazil during large mass sportive events. Sexual orientation and sexual practices may play a role in acquiring HAV infection. Public policies targeting key populations must be implemented to prevent further dissemination of HAV and other STIs.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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