Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country.

Autor: Stroffolini T; Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy., Morisco F; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy., Ferrigno L; National Center for Global Health, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy., Pontillo G; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy., Iantosca G; National Center for Global Health, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy., Cossiga V; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy., Crateri S; National Center for Global Health, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy., Tosti ME; National Center for Global Health, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy., The Seieva Collaborating Group
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Viruses [Viruses] 2022 Jan 26; Vol. 14 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jan 26.
DOI: 10.3390/v14020245
Abstrakt: Background: In 1991, a mass immunization campaign against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for children and teenagers was introduced in Italy. This study evaluated the impact of the immunization campaign on the incidence and modes of HBV transmission.
Method: Acute HBV cases of viral hepatitis were reported to the National Surveillance System (SEIEVA). Hepatitis A cases reported to the same system were used as controls to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and the population attributable risk for potential risk factors.
Results: The incidence of acute HBV declined from 5.0 in 1990 to 0.4 in 2019 per 100,000 population. The fall was almost total in people targeted by the campaign: in 2019, zero cases (100% reduction) in the age-group 0-14 years and 0.1 cases per 100,000 population (99.4% reduction) in the age-group 15-24 years were reported. In the decade 2010-2019, nearly one-fifth (19.3%) of cases occurred in foreigners. Intravenous drug use is no longer a risk factor (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5-1.02). Beauty treatments, risky sexual exposure, and household contact with an HBsAg carrier were found to be independent predictors of acute hepatitis B.
Conclusions: The HB vaccination campaign proved effective in minimising acute HBV in Italy. Control of the infection is close to being reached for the first time in Europe.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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