Estimating the cost of COVID-19 vaccine deployment and introduction in Ghana using the CVIC tool.

Autor: Nonvignon J; Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Electronic address: jnonvignon@ug.edu.gh., Owusu R; Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. Electronic address: riowusu@ug.edu.gh., Asare B; Ministry of Health, PMB, Accra, Ghana., Adjagba A; Health Section, UNICEF, 3 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA. Electronic address: aadjagba@unicef.org., Aun YW; Quanticlear Solutions, Malaysia. Electronic address: weiaun@quanticlear.com., Yeung KHT; Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: yeungh@who.int., Azeez JNK; Ministry of Health, PMB, Accra, Ghana., Gyansa-Lutterodt M; Ministry of Health, PMB, Accra, Ghana., Gulbi G; Ministry of Health, PMB, Accra, Ghana., Amponsa-Achiano K; Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana., Dadzie F; Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana. Electronic address: jfdadzie@yahoo.co.uk., Armah GE; Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. Electronic address: GArmah@noguchi.ug.edu.gh., Brenzel L; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: Logan.Brenzel@gatesfoundation.org., Hutubessy R; Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: hutubessyr@who.int., Resch SC; Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 718 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: stephen_resch@harvard.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Vaccine [Vaccine] 2022 Mar 15; Vol. 40 (12), pp. 1879-1887. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Feb 04.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.036
Abstrakt: Background: This study estimated cost of COVID-19 vaccine introduction and deployment in Ghana.
Methods: Using the WHO-UNICEF COVID-19 Vaccine Introduction and deployment Costing (CVIC) tool Ghana's Ministry of Health Technical Working Group for Health Technology Assessment (TWG-HTA) in collaboration with School of Public Health, University of Ghana, organized an initial two-day workshop that brought together partners to deliberate and agree on input parameters to populate the CVIC tool. A further 2-3 days validation with the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) and other partners to finalize the analysis was done. Three scenarios, with different combinations of vaccine products and delivery modalities, as well as time period were analyzed. The scenarios included AstraZeneca (40%), Johnson & Johnson (J&J) (30%), Moderna, Pfizer, and Sputnik V at 10% each; with primary schedule completed by second half of 2021 (Scenario 1); AstraZeneca (30%), J&J (40%), Moderna, Pfizer, and Sputnik V at 10% each with primary schedule completed by first half of 2022 (Scenario 2); and equal distribution (20%) among AstraZeneca, J&J, Moderna, Pfizer, and Sputnik V with primary schedule completed by second half of 2022 (Scenario 3).
Results: The estimated total cost of COVID-19 vaccination ranges between $348.7 and $436.1 million for the target population of 17.5 million. These translate into per person completed primary schedule cost of $20.9-$26.2 and per dose (including vaccine cost) of $10.5-$13.1. Again, per person completed primary schedule excluding vaccine cost was $4.5 and $4.6, thus per dose excluding vaccine also ranged from $2.2 - $2.3. The main cost driver was vaccine doses, including shipping, which accounts for between 78% and 83% of total cost. Further, an estimated 8,437-10,247 vaccinators (non-FTEs) would be required during 2021-2022 to vaccinate using a mix of delivery strategies, accounting for 8-10% of total cost.
Conclusion: These findings provide the estimates to inform resource mobilization efforts by government and other partners.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Justice Nonvignon reports administrative support was provided by Ghana Ministry of Health. Stephen C. Resch reports article publishing charges was provided by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
(Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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