| Autor: |
Machado-Paula MM; Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraiba, São José dos Campos, SP 12244 - 000, Brazil.; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.; Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-877, Brazil., Corat MAF; Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-877, Brazil., de Vasconcellos LMR; Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo 12245000, Brazil., Araújo JCR; Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo 12245000, Brazil., Mi G; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States., Ghannadian P; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States., Toniato TV; Institute of Research and Development, University of Vale do Paraiba, São José dos Campos, SP 12244 - 000, Brazil., Marciano FR; Department of Physics, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil., Webster TJ; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States., Lobo AO; Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.; LIMAV-Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, BioMatLab, UFPI - Federal University of Piaui, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil. |
| Abstrakt: |
Clinically, bone tissue replacements and/or bone repair are challenging. Strategies based on well-defined combinations of osteoconductive materials and osteogenic cells are promising to improve bone regeneration but still require improvement. Herein, we combined polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and hydroxyapatite (nHap) nanoparticles to develop the next generation of bone regeneration material. Fibers formed by rotary jet spinning (RJS) instead of traditional electrospinning (ES) with embedded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) showed the best outcomes to repair rat calvarial defects after 6 weeks. To understand this, it was observed that different morphologies were formed depending on the manufacturing method used. RJS fibers presented a particular topography with rough fibers, which allowed for better cellular growth and cell spreading in vitro around and into a three-dimensional (3D) mesh, while fibers made by ES were more smooth and cellular growth was only measured on the 3D mesh surface. The fibers with incorporated nHap/CNT nanoparticles enhanced in vitro cell performance as indicated by more cellular proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, proliferation, and deposition of calcium. Greater bone neoformation occurred by combining three characteristics: the presence of nHap and CNT nanoparticles, the topography of the RJS fibers, and the addition of BMMSCs. RJS fibers with nanoparticles and seeded with BMMSCs showed 10 136 mm 3 of bone neoformation, meaning a 10-fold increase compared to using RJS only and BMMSCs (0.853 mm 3 ) and a 5-fold increase from using ES only (2054 mm 3 ) after 6 weeks of implantation. Conversely, none of these approaches used individually showed any significant difference for in vivo bone neoformation, suggesting that their combination is essential for optimizing bone formation. In summary, our work generated a potential material composed of well-defined combinations of suitable scaffolds seeded with BMMSCs for enhancing numerous orthopedic tissue engineering applications. |
