A perfect X-ray beam splitter and its applications to time-domain interferometry and quantum optics exploiting free-electron lasers.

Autor:	Reiche S; Large Research Facilities and Photon Science Divisions, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland., Knopp G; Large Research Facilities and Photon Science Divisions, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland., Pedrini B; Large Research Facilities and Photon Science Divisions, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland., Prat E; Large Research Facilities and Photon Science Divisions, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland., Aeppli G; Large Research Facilities and Photon Science Divisions, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; aepplig@ethz.ch simon.gerber@psi.ch.; Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.; Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.; Quantum Center, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland., Gerber S; Large Research Facilities and Photon Science Divisions, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; aepplig@ethz.ch simon.gerber@psi.ch.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2022 Feb 15; Vol. 119 (7).
DOI:	10.1073/pnas.2117906119
Abstrakt:	X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) deliver ultrabright X-ray pulses, but not the sequences of phase-coherent pulses required for time-domain interferometry and control of quantum states. For conventional split-and-delay schemes to produce such sequences, the challenge stems from extreme stability requirements when splitting Ångstrom wavelength beams, where the tiniest path-length differences introduce phase jitter. We describe an FEL mode based on selective electron-bunch degradation and transverse beam shaping in the accelerator, combined with a self-seeded photon emission scheme. Instead of splitting the photon pulses after their generation by the FEL, we split the electron bunch in the accelerator, prior to photon generation, to obtain phase-locked X-ray pulses with subfemtosecond duration. Time-domain interferometry becomes possible, enabling the concomitant program of classical and quantum optics experiments with X-rays. The scheme leads to scientific benefits of cutting-edge FELs with attosecond and/or high-repetition rate capabilities, ranging from the X-ray analog of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to damage-free measurements. Competing Interests: Competing interest statement: J.H. and G.A., who have never had a joint research project, participated in a workshop that resulted in a report [B. Adams et al. arXiv [Preprint] (2019). https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.09317] co-authored by all participants and were co-authors of an invited perspective paper [J. B. Hastings, L. Rivkin, G. Aeppli, “Present and future accelerator-based X-ray sources: A perspective” in The Future of Accelerators, A. W. Chao, W. Chou, Eds. (2019), vol. 10, pp. 33–48] on accelerator-based light sources, which reported no original research. J.H. has served on advisory panels at the Paul Scherrer Institute, and G.A. has served on advisory panels at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, where J.H. is employed. S.R. was a postdoctoral fellow and assistant/associate researcher of C. Pellegrini at the University of California Los Angeles from 2000 to 2008. S.G. was a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University and SLAC from 2013 to 2015, which has led to one shared publication with J.H. [H. Jang et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113, 14645–14650 (2016)]. (Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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