Progress in the development and use of refrigerants and unintended environmental consequences.

Autor: Vuppaladadiyam AK; College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518000, China; College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong., Antunes E; College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia., Vuppaladadiyam SSV; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong., Baig ZT; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100080, China., Subiantoro A; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand., Lei G; College of Resource & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Leu SY; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development (RISUD), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong. Electronic address: syleu@polyu.edu.hk., Sarmah AK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. Electronic address: a.sarmah@auckland.ac.nz., Duan H; College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518000, China. Electronic address: huabo@szu.edu.cn.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2022 Jun 01; Vol. 823, pp. 153670. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Feb 04.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153670
Abstrakt: The world has entered into the "fourth-generation" of refrigerants, and it is an undeniable fact that we will continue to encounter several issues in identifying a suitable refrigerant that suits the purpose and poses no harm to the environment. The ever-changing regulations on the use of refrigerants have often posed great challenges to the refrigeration industry and there is a pressing need to develop new refrigerants and develop better equipment to use them. Theoretically, an ideal refrigerant should possess characteristics such as low-global warming potential (GWP), non-toxic, non-flammable, and zero-ozone depletion potential (ODP). In addition, the refrigerants are also expected to have excellent thermodynamic and thermophysical properties. Many new synthetic refrigerants have been reported as alternative refrigerants and have very low atmospheric life as well as low GWP and zero-ODP. However, it is irrefutable that most of the studies that reported the so-called new refrigerants are actually not new. From the invention of R-12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) in 1930s to the invention of R-1234yf in 2000s, these substances are available for decades even before being recognized as refrigerants. This review attempts to provide chronicles on different aspects of refrigerants such as their progress since their invention in the early 1800s, classification and properties. In addition, concepts such as issues associated with the long-term use of refrigerants, barriers for the inclusion of low-GWP refrigerants, various protocols and accords that have occurred since the inception of refrigerants are also critically discussed.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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