Decreased risk of COVID-19 pneumonia in children and adolescents during the Delta variant emergence.

Autor: Murillo-Zamora E; Departamento de Epidemiología, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 19, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Av. Javier Mina 301, Col. Centro, C.P. 28000, Colima, México; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, C.P. 28040, Colima, México. Electronic address: efren.murilloza@imss.gob.mx., Trujillo X; Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, C.P. 28045, Colima, México., Huerta M; Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, C.P. 28045, Colima, México., Ríos-Silva M; Universidad de Colima - CONACyT, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Av. 25 de Julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, C.P. 28045, Colima, México., Baltazar-Rodríguez LM; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, C.P. 28040, Colima, México., Guzmán-Esquivel J; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, C.P. 28040, Colima, México; Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Av. de Los Maestros 149, Col. Centro, C.P. 28000, Colima, México. Electronic address: pepeguzman_esquivel@hotmail.com., Benites-Godínez V; Coordinación de Educación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Calzada Del Ejercito Nacional 14, Col. Fray Junípero Serra, C.P. 63160, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico. Electronic address: veronica.benites@imss.gob.mx., Ortega-Ramírez AD; Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima Av. Universidad 333, Col. Las Víboras, C.P. 28040, Colima, México. Electronic address: aortega1@ucol.mx., Mendoza-Cano O; Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Colima, Km. 9 Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán, C.P. 28400, Colima, México. Electronic address: oliver@ucol.mx.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Public health [Public Health] 2022 Mar; Vol. 204, pp. 9-11. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 28.
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.12.017
Abstrakt: Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with the risk of COVID-19 pneumonia in children (aged <10 years) and adolescents (aged 10-19 years) before (March 2020-April 2021) and during (May-July 2021) the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant emergence.
Study Design: A retrospective and nationwide cohort study was conducted in Mexico.
Methods: Data from 26,961 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were analyzed. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association of the evaluated exposures with the risk of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Results: The overall incidence rate of pneumonia was 23.0 per 10,000 person-days, and it was lower during the Delta variant emergence (30.3 vs. 9.4 person-days, p < 0.001). In multiple analysis, a decreased risk of pneumonia was observed among those cases occurring in May 2021 or later (vs. March 2020-April 2021, RR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.99) and among older patients (RR per year  = 0.998, 95% CI 0.996-0.998). Other comorbidities (namely, obesity, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, or malignant tumors) were associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 manifestations.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that during the Delta variant emergence, children and adolescent patients were at reduced risk of COVID-19 pneumonia in Mexico. Further research is needed to identify factors determining the observed scenario.
(Copyright © 2021 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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