Mechanisms contributing to adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity.

Autor: Sudhakar M; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, India. Manu.Sudhakar@gmail.com.; Department of Biochemistry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India. Manu.Sudhakar@gmail.com., Winfred SB; Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sri Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, India., Meiyazhagan G; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India., Venkatachalam DP; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, India.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Molecular and cellular biochemistry [Mol Cell Biochem] 2022 Apr; Vol. 477 (4), pp. 1155-1193. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jan 27.
DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04356-w
Abstrakt: A growing amount of epidemiological data from multiple countries indicate an increased prevalence of obesity, more importantly central obesity, among hospitalized subjects with COVID-19. This suggests that obesity is a major factor contributing to adverse outcome of the disease. As it is a metabolic disorder with dysregulated immune and endocrine function, it is logical that dysfunctional metabolism contributes to the mechanisms behind obesity being a risk factor for adverse outcome in COVID-19. Emerging data suggest that in obese subjects, (a) the molecular mechanisms of viral entry and spread mediated through ACE2 receptor, a multifunctional host cell protein which links to cellular homeostasis mechanisms, are affected. This includes perturbation of the physiological renin-angiotensin system pathway causing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic challenges (b) existent metabolic overload and ER stress-induced UPR pathway make obese subjects vulnerable to severe COVID-19, (c) host cell response is altered involving reprogramming of metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms involving microRNAs in line with changes in obesity, and (d) adiposopathy with altered endocrine, adipokine, and cytokine profile contributes to altered immune cell metabolism, systemic inflammation, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, exacerbating COVID-19 pathology. In this review, we have examined the available literature on the underlying mechanisms contributing to obesity being a risk for adverse outcome in COVID-19.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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