Risk factors for the abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes aph(3')-III, erm(B), sul2 and tet(W) in pig and broiler faeces in nine European countries.

Autor:	Yang D; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Heederik DJJ; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Mevius DJ; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands., Scherpenisse P; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Luiken REC; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Van Gompel L; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Skarżyńska M; Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland., Wadepohl K; Außenstelle für Epidemiologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany., Chauvin C; ANSES, Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Paris, France., Van Heijnsbergen E; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Wouters IM; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Greve GD; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Jongerius-Gortemaker BGM; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Tersteeg-Zijderveld M; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Zając M; Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland., Wasyl D; Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland., Juraschek K; Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany., Fischer J; Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany., Wagenaar JA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Smit LAM; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Schmitt H; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy [J Antimicrob Chemother] 2022 Mar 31; Vol. 77 (4), pp. 969-978.
DOI:	10.1093/jac/dkac002
Abstrakt:	Objectives: The occurrence and zoonotic potential of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pigs and broilers has been studied intensively in past decades. Here, we describe AMR levels of European pig and broiler farms and determine the potential risk factors. Methods: We collected faeces from 181 pig farms and 181 broiler farms in nine European countries. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to quantify the relative abundance of four antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) [aph(3')-III, erm(B), sul2 and tet(W)] in these faeces samples. Information on antimicrobial use (AMU) and other farm characteristics was collected through a questionnaire. A mixed model using country and farm as random effects was performed to evaluate the relationship of AMR with AMU and other farm characteristics. The correlation between individual qPCR data and previously published pooled metagenomic data was evaluated. Variance component analysis was conducted to assess the variance contribution of all factors. Results: The highest abundance of ARG was for tet(W) in pig faeces and erm(B) in broiler faeces. In addition to the significant positive association between corresponding ARG and AMU levels, we also found on-farm biosecurity measures were associated with relative ARG abundance in both pigs and broilers. Between-country and between-farm variation can partially be explained by AMU. Different ARG targets may have different sample size requirements to represent the overall farm level precisely. Conclusions: qPCR is an efficient tool for targeted assessment of AMR in livestock-related samples. The AMR variation between samples was mainly contributed to by between-country, between-farm and within-farm differences, and then by on-farm AMU. (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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