Role of Maternal Infections and Inflammatory Responses on Craniofacial Development.

Autor:	Bhagirath AY; Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada., Medapati MR; Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada., de Jesus VC; Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada., Yadav S; Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India., Hinton M; Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada., Dakshinamurti S; Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada., Atukorallaya D; Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, Canada.; Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in oral health [Front Oral Health] 2021 Sep 06; Vol. 2, pp. 735634. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 06 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/froh.2021.735634
Abstrakt:	Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit severe immunological cascades in the mother's body as well as the developing fetus. Maternal infections and resulting inflammatory responses can mediate epigenetic changes in the fetal genome, depending on the developmental stage. The craniofacial development begins at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the immunology of pregnancy and its responsive mechanisms on maternal infections. Further, we will also discuss the epigenetic effects of pathogens, their metabolites and resulting inflammatory responses on the fetus with a special focus on craniofacial development. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses during prenatal development could provide better insights into the origins of craniofacial birth defects. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Bhagirath, Medapati, de Jesus, Yadav, Hinton, Dakshinamurti and Atukorallaya.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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