Macrofilaricidal Activity, Acute and Biochemical Effects of Three Lichen Species Found on Mount Cameroon.

Autor: Kang TR; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon., Dinga JN; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon., Orock AE; Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon., Monya E; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon., Ngemenya MN; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of parasitology research [J Parasitol Res] 2022 Jan 07; Vol. 2022, pp. 1663330. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jan 07 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1663330
Abstrakt: Onchocerciasis is a parasitic infection affecting a relatively small population globally but has very devastating pathological outcomes. Ivermectin and recently moxidectin are the only drugs approved for clinical management of the disease, both of which have several limitations. In particular, they are efficacious against microfilariae (microfilaricidal) with no activity against adult worms (nonmacrofilaricidal). Promising anthelmintic activity has been reported in some lichens. This study investigated three lichens, Usnea articulata , Parmotrema tinctorum , and Heterodermia obscurata , found on Mount Cameroon, for potential macrofilaricidal activity. Organic extracts were screened for anti-Onchocerca activity against Onchocerca ochengi isolated from cattle skin using worm motility and MTT formazan assays. Toxicity of highly active extracts was investigated on monkey kidney epithelial (LLCMK2) cells and in BALB/c mice (2000 mg/kg body weight) including effects on liver enzymes. The methanol extract of P. tinctorum (Pam met ) was the most active against adult male worms (IC 50 = 8.1  μ g/mL) with the highest selectivity index (SI = 21.3). U. articulata was the most active against the adult female (IC 50 = 36.3  μ g/mL) but had a low SI value (3.4). No mortality and no adverse effects were recorded in the acute toxicity test. These two most active extracts had no significant effect on liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate ( P values < 0.05), but a high AST : ALT ratio (2.59) for Pam met indicates likely reversible adverse hepatic toxicity. The high macrofilaricidal activity and selectivity of P. tinctorum suggest it is a potential source of new macrofilaricides which should be further investigated to identify its bioactive constituents.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.
(Copyright © 2022 Thierry Roland Kang et al.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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