Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar ) Parr With Higher and Lower Pathogen Loads Following Piscirickettsia salmonis Infection.

Autor:	Xue X; Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada., Caballero-Solares A; Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada., Hall JR; Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada., Umasuthan N; Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada., Kumar S; Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada., Jakob E; Cargill Innovation Centre - Colaco, Colaco, Chile., Skugor S; Cargill Aqua Nutrition, Cargill, Sea Lice Research Center (SLRC), Sandnes, Norway., Hawes C; Cargill Innovation Centre - Colaco, Colaco, Chile., Santander J; Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Lab, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada., Taylor RG; Cargill Animal Nutrition and Health, Elk River, MN, United States., Rise ML; Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2021 Dec 31; Vol. 12, pp. 789465. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 31 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fimmu.2021.789465
Abstrakt:	Salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis , is one of the most devastating diseases of salmonids. However, the transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon ( Salmon salar ) in freshwater to an EM-90-like isolate have not been explored. Here, we infected Atlantic salmon parr with an EM-90-like isolate and conducted time-course qPCR analyses of pathogen load and four biomarkers ( campb , hampa , il8a , tlr5a ) of innate immunity on the head kidney samples. Transcript expression of three of these genes (except hampa ), as well as pathogen level, peaked at 21 days post-injection (DPI). Multivariate analyses of infected individuals at 21 DPI revealed two infection phenotypes [lower (L-SRS) and higher (H-SRS) infection level]. Five fish from each group (Control, L-SRS, and H-SRS) were selected for transcriptome profiling using a 44K salmonid microarray platform. We identified 1,636 and 3,076 differentially expressed probes (DEPs) in the L-SRS and H-SRS groups compared with the control group, respectively (FDR = 1%). Gene ontology term enrichment analyses of SRS-responsive genes revealed the activation of a large number of innate (e.g. "phagocytosis", "defense response to bacterium", "inflammatory response") and adaptive (e.g. "regulation of T cell activation", "antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen") immune processes, while a small number of general physiological processes (e.g. "apoptotic process", development and metabolism relevant) was enriched. Transcriptome results were confirmed by qPCR analyses of 42 microarray-identified transcripts. Furthermore, the comparison of individuals with differing levels of infection (H-SRS vs. L-SRS) generated insights into the biological processes possibly involved in disease resistance or susceptibility. This study demonstrated a low mortality (~30%) EM-90-like infection model and broadened the current understanding of molecular pathways underlying P. salmonis -triggered responses of Atlantic salmon, identifying biomarkers that may assist to diagnose and combat this pathogen. Competing Interests: Authors EJ, SS, CH and RGT were employed by company Cargill Incorporated. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors declare that this study received funding from EWOS Innovation (now part of Cargill, Incorporated). Authors EJ, SS, CH, and RGT, in the representation of Cargill, Incorporated, participated in the design of infection trial, sample collection, data interpretation, and manuscript preparation. However, they had no role in the design, data collection and analysis of gene expression experiments, and the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. (Copyright © 2021 Xue, Caballero-Solares, Hall, Umasuthan, Kumar, Jakob, Skugor, Hawes, Santander, Taylor and Rise.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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