Linking drug and food addiction via compulsive appetite.

Autor: Laque A; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA., Wagner GE; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA., Matzeu A; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA., De Ness GL; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA., Kerr TM; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.; College of Pharmacy, University of Texas Austin, Austin, Texas, USA., Carroll AM; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA., de Guglielmo G; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA., Nedelescu H; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA., Buczynski MW; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA., Gregus AM; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA., Jhou TC; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA., Zorrilla EP; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA., Martin-Fardon R; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA., Koya E; Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK., Ritter RC; Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA., Weiss F; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA., Suto N; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: British journal of pharmacology [Br J Pharmacol] 2022 Jun; Vol. 179 (11), pp. 2589-2609. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 07.
DOI: 10.1111/bph.15797
Abstrakt: Background and Purpose: 'Food addiction' is the subject of intense public and research interest. However, this nosology based on neurobehavioural similarities among obese individuals, patients with eating disorders and those with substance use disorders (drug addiction) remains controversial. We thus sought to determine which aspects of disordered eating are causally linked to preclinical models of drug addiction. We hypothesized that extensive drug histories, known to cause addiction-like brain changes and drug motivation in rats, would also cause addiction-like food motivation.
Experimental Approach: Rats underwent extensive cocaine, alcohol, caffeine or obesogenic diet histories and were subsequently tested for punishment-resistant food self-administration or 'compulsive appetite', as a measure of addiction-like food motivation.
Key Results: Extensive cocaine and alcohol (but not caffeine) histories caused compulsive appetite that persisted long after the last drug exposure. Extensive obesogenic diet histories also caused compulsive appetite, although neither cocaine nor alcohol histories caused excess calorie intake and bodyweight during abstinence. Hence, compulsive appetite and obesity appear to be dissociable, with the former sharing common mechanisms with preclinical drug addiction models.
Conclusion and Implications: Compulsive appetite, as seen in subsets of obese individuals and patients with binge-eating disorder and bulimia nervosa (eating disorders that do not necessarily result in obesity), appears to epitomize 'food addiction'. Because different drug and obesogenic diet histories caused compulsive appetite, overlapping dysregulations in the reward circuits, which control drug and food motivation independently of energy homeostasis, may offer common therapeutic targets for treating addictive behaviours across drug addiction, eating disorders and obesity.
(© 2022 The British Pharmacological Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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