In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study Nephropathic Cystinosis.

Autor: Cheung PY; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand., Harrison PT; Department of Physiology, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland., Davidson AJ; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand., Hollywood JA; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Cells [Cells] 2021 Dec 21; Vol. 11 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 21.
DOI: 10.3390/cells11010006
Abstrakt: The development over the past 50 years of a variety of cell lines and animal models has provided valuable tools to understand the pathophysiology of nephropathic cystinosis. Primary cultures from patient biopsies have been instrumental in determining the primary cause of cystine accumulation in the lysosomes. Immortalised cell lines have been established using different gene constructs and have revealed a wealth of knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms that underlie cystinosis. More recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells, kidney organoids and tubuloids have helped bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo model systems. The development of genetically modified mice and rats have made it possible to explore the cystinotic phenotype in an in vivo setting. All of these models have helped shape our understanding of cystinosis and have led to the conclusion that cystine accumulation is not the only pathology that needs targeting in this multisystemic disease. This review provides an overview of the in vitro and in vivo models available to study cystinosis, how well they recapitulate the disease phenotype, and their limitations.
Databáze: MEDLINE
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