| Autor: |
Butelmann T; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.; Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany., Priks H; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia., Parent Z; Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States., Johnston TG; Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States., Tamm T; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia., Nelson A; Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States., Lahtvee PJ; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia., Kumar R; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia. |
| Abstrakt: |
The three-dimensional (3D) printing of cell-containing polymeric hydrogels creates living materials (LMs), offering a platform for developing innovative technologies in areas like biosensors and biomanufacturing. The polymer material properties of cross-linkable F127-bis-urethane methacrylate (F127-BUM) allow reproducible 3D printing and stability in physiological conditions, making it suitable for fabricating LMs. Though F127-BUM-based LMs permit diffusion of solute molecules like glucose and ethanol, it remains unknown whether these are permissible for oxygen, essential for respiration. To determine oxygen permissibility, we quantified dissolved oxygen consumption by the budding yeast-laden F127-BUM-based LMs. Moreover, we obtained data on cell-retaining LMs, which allowed a direct comparison between LMs and suspension cultures. We further developed a highly reliable method to isolate cells from LMs for flow cytometry analysis, cell viability evaluation, and the purification of macromolecules. We found oxygen consumption heavily impaired inside LMs, indicating that yeast metabolism relies primarily on fermentation instead of respiration. Applying this finding to brewing, we observed a higher (3.7%) ethanol production using LMs than the traditional brewing process, indicating improved fermentation. Our study concludes that the present F127-BUM-based LMs are useful for microaerobic processes but developing aerobic bioprocesses will require further research. |
