Research Review: Neuropsychological functioning in young anorexia nervosa: A meta-analysis.

Autor: Stedal K; Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Ullevål, Oslo, Norway., Scherer R; Faculty of Educational Sciences, Centre for Educational Measurement at the University of Oslo (CEMO), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Touyz S; School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Hay P; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia., Broomfield C; School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines [J Child Psychol Psychiatry] 2022 Jun; Vol. 63 (6), pp. 616-625. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 30.
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13562
Abstrakt: Background: Cognitive inflexibility and compulsive behaviours are commonly observed in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and are often considered to be caused by impairments in executive functioning and visuospatial processing. Despite an increasing number of young individuals presenting with AN, there is a lack of meta-analytic evidence on the neuropsychological functioning in this population. Our primary aim was to review and synthesize the differences in neuropsychological test performance between young people with AN and healthy controls, and to explore potential moderators.
Methods: A database search following PRISMA guidelines of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science and Epistemonikos was conducted. Hedges' g served as an effect size indicating the standardized mean differences. We utilized mixed-effects meta-regression and machine learning meta-analyses to identify relevant moderators.
Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 1333 participants (665 with AN) and 59 effect sizes. Random-effects meta-analyses demonstrated a small and insignificant difference between young individuals with AN and controls ( g ¯  = -0.144, 95% CI [-0.328, 0.041]) in overall neuropsychological functioning. However, the difference was significant for the cognitive domains of memory, working memory and visuospatial abilities. Moderator and machine-learning analyses revealed a stronger negative effect in older participants and moderator effects of country and assessment quality.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the significant impact of age on neuropsychological test performance in patients with AN. There is a need for a more widespread inclusion of potentially confounding variables in primary studies as well as instruments specifically targeted at younger populations.
(© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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