| Autor: |
Halverson GH; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, United States., Lee CM; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, United States., Hestir EL; University of California, Merced, 5200 Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States., Hulley GC; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, United States., Cawse-Nicholson K; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, United States., Hook SJ; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, United States., Bergamaschi BA; USGS California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, California 95819, United States., Acuña S; Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 1121 L Street Suite 900, Sacramento, California 95814, United States., Tufillaro NB; Oregon State University, 1500 S.W. Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States., Radocinski RG; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, United States., Rivera G; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, United States., Sommer TR; California Department of Water Resources, 1416 9th Street, Sacramento, California 95814, United States. |
| Abstrakt: |
This study uses Landsat 5, 7, and 8 level 2 collection 2 surface temperature to examine habitat suitability conditions spanning 1985-2019, relative to the thermal tolerance of the endemic and endangered delta smelt ( Hypomesus transpacificus ) and two non-native fish, the largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) and Mississippi silverside ( Menidia beryllina ) in the upper San Francisco Estuary. This product was validated using thermal radiometer data collected from 2008 to 2019 from a validation site on a platform in the Salton Sea (RMSE = 0.78 °C, r = 0.99, R 2 = 0.99, p < 0.01, and n = 237). Thermally unsuitable habitat, indicated by annual maximum water surface temperatures exceeding critical thermal maximum temperatures for each species, increased by 1.5 km 2 yr -1 for the delta smelt with an inverse relationship to the delta smelt abundance index from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife ( r = -0.44, R 2 = 0.2, p < 0.01). Quantile and Theil-Sen regression showed that the delta smelt are unable to thrive when the thermally unsuitable habitat exceeds 107 km 2 . A habitat unsuitable for the delta smelt but survivable for the non-natives is expanding by 0.82 km 2 yr -1 . Warming waters in the San Francisco Estuary are reducing the available habitat for the delta smelt. |
