Cryogenic electron microscopy reveals that applied pressure promotes short circuits in Li batteries.

Autor:	Harrison KL; Nanoscale Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA., Merrill LC; Nanoscale Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA., Long DM; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA., Randolph SJ; Materials & Structural Analysis Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA., Goriparti S; Nanoscale Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA., Christian J; Materials & Structural Analysis Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA., Warren B; Nanoscale Sciences, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA., Roberts SA; Thermal/Fluid Component Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA., Harris SJ; Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA., Perry DL; Materials Characterization and Performance, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA., Jungjohann KL; Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	IScience [iScience] 2021 Nov 01; Vol. 24 (12), pp. 103394. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 01 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.1016/j.isci.2021.103394
Abstrakt:	Li metal anodes are enticing for batteries due to high theoretical charge storage capacity, but commercialization is plagued by dendritic Li growth and short circuits when cycled at high currents. Applied pressure has been suggested to improve morphology, and therefore performance. We hypothesized that increasing pressure would suppress dendritic growth at high currents. To test this hypothesis, here, we extensively use cryogenic scanning electron microscopy to show that varying the applied pressure from 0.01 to 1 MPa has little impact on Li morphology after one deposition. We show that pressure improves Li density and preserves Li inventory after 50 cycles. However, contrary to our hypothesis, pressure exacerbates dendritic growth through the separator, promoting short circuits. Therefore, we suspect Li inventory is better preserved in cells cycled at high pressure only because the shorts carry a larger portion of the current, with less being carried by electrochemical reactions that slowly consume Li inventory. Competing Interests: We, a subgroup of authors, filed a patent application related to this work (application number 16/782,591) on February 5, 2020. (© 2021 National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, The Author(s).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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