A Methodology for Calculation of Internal Dose Following Exposure to Radioactive Fallout from the Detonation of a Nuclear Fission Device.

Autor:	Anspaugh LR; Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Emeritus, Henderson, NV., Bouville A; National Cancer Institute, Retired, Bethesda, MD., Thiessen KM; Oak Ridge Center for Risk Analysis, Oak Ridge, TN., Hoffman FO; Oak Ridge Center for Risk Analysis, Retired, Oak Ridge, TN., Beck HL; Department of Energy, Retired, New York, NY., Gordeev KI; Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Deceased, Moscow, Russian Federation., Simon SL; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Health physics [Health Phys] 2022 Jan 01; Vol. 122 (1), pp. 84-124.
DOI:	10.1097/HP.0000000000001503
Abstrakt:	Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology for the calculation of internal doses of radiation following exposure to radioactive fallout from the detonation of a nuclear fission device. Reliance is on methodology previously published in the open literature or in reports not readily available, though some new analysis is also included. Herein, we present two methodologic variations: one simpler to implement, the other more difficult but more flexible. The intention is to provide in one place a comprehensive methodology. Pathways considered are (1) the ingestion of vegetables and fruits contaminated by fallout directly, (2) the ingestion of vegetables and fruits contaminated by continuing deposition by rain- or irrigation-splash and resuspension, (3) the ingestion of vegetables and fruits contaminated by absorption of radionuclides by roots after tillage of soil, (4) the non-equilibrium transfer of short-lived radionuclides through the cow-milk and goat-milk food chains, (5) the equilibrium transfer of long lived radionuclides through milk and meat food chains, and (6) inhalation of descending fallout. Uncertainty in calculated results is considered. This is one of six companion papers that describe a comprehensive methodology for assessing both external and internal dose following exposures to fallout from a nuclear detonation. Input required to implement the dose-estimation model for any particular location consists of an estimate of the post-detonation external gamma-exposure rate and an estimate of the time of arrival of the fallout cloud. The additional data required to make such calculations are included in the six companion papers. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Written work prepared by employees of the Federal Government as part of their official duties is, under the U.S. Copyright Act, a “work of the United States Government” for which copyright protection under Title 17 of the United States Code is not available. As such, copyright does not extend to the contributions of employees of the Federal Government.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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