Physiological and Pathophysiological Role of Cysteine Metabolism in Human Metabolic Syndrome.

Autor:	Muthuraman A; Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100, Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia., Ramesh M; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Omega College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, 501301, India., Shaikh SA; Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100, Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia., Aswinprakash S; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia., Jagadeesh D; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Drug metabolism letters [Drug Metab Lett] 2021; Vol. 14 (3), pp. 177-192.
DOI:	10.2174/1872312814666211210111820
Abstrakt:	Cysteine is one of the major intermediate products of cellular amino-acid metabolism. It is a semi-essential amino acid for protein synthesis. Besides, it is also employed in the regulation of major endogenous anti-oxidant molecule i.e., reduced glutathione (GSH). Further, it is a precursor of multiple sulfur-containing molecules like hydrogen sulfide, lanthionine, taurine, coenzyme A and biotin. It is also one of the key molecules for post-translational modifications of various cellular proteins. In physiological conditions, it is employed in the sulfhydration process and plays a key role in the physiology modification of the inflammatory process in various organs, including the neurological system. The catabolism of cysteine is regulated by cysteine dioxygenase enzyme activity. The dysregulated conditions of cysteine and cysteine-associated hydrogen sulfide metabolism are widely employed in the acceleration of the neurodegenerative process. Moreover, the upregulation of cysteine and hydrogen sulfide synthesis occurs via the reverse trans-sulfuration process. This process helps to manage the worsening of a pathological condition of a cellular system. Moreover, it is also employed in the accumulation of homocysteine contents. Further, both cysteine and homocysteine molecules are widely accepted as biomarkers for various types of diseases. Therefore, the targets involved in the regulation of cysteine have been considered as valid targets to treat various disorders like cardiac disease, ischemic stroke, diabetes, cancer, and renal dysfunction. (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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