COVID-19 Lockdowns: A Worldwide Survey of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Quality in 3911 Athletes from 49 Countries, with Data-Driven Recommendations.

Autor: Romdhani M; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia. romdhaniroma@gmail.com.; Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, BP 143 Olympic City, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia. romdhaniroma@gmail.com., Rae DE; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Nédélec M; Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France., Ammar A; Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.; Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany., Chtourou H; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.; Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, BP 143 Olympic City, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia., Al Horani R; Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan., Ben Saad H; Université de Sousse, Hôpital Farhat HACHED, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Laboratoire de Recherche (LR12SP09) 'Insuffisance Cardiaque', Sousse, Tunisie., Bragazzi N; Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.; Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada., Dönmez G; Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey., Driss T; Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2) UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France., Fullagar HHK; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Farooq A; Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar., Garbarino S; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.; Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy., Hammouda O; Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2) UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France.; Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia., Hassanmirzaei B; Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Iran Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center - IFMARC, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran., Khalladi K; Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar., Khemila S; Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, BP 143 Olympic City, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia.; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia., Mataruna-Dos-Santos LJ; Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, Canadian University of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relation, Coventry University, Coventry, UK., Moussa-Chamari I; Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar., Mujika I; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.; Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile., Muñoz Helú H; Department of Economic-Administrative Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico., Norouzi Fashkhami A; Esteghlal Physiotherapy Clinic, EPC, Teheran, Iran., Paineiras-Domingos LL; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Departamento de Fisioterapia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil., Rahbari Khaneghah M; Esteghlal Physiotherapy Clinic, EPC, Teheran, Iran., Saita Y; Department of Sports and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan., Trabelsi K; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.; Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia., Vitale JA; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy., Washif JA; Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Weber J; Neurocognition and Action, Biomechanics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.; Institute for Sports Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany., Souissi N; Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, BP 143 Olympic City, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia.; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia., Taylor L; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.; Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia., Chamari K; Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar.; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) [Sports Med] 2022 Jun; Vol. 52 (6), pp. 1433-1448. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 08.
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01601-y
Abstrakt: Objective: In a convenience sample of athletes, we conducted a survey of COVID-19-mediated lockdown (termed 'lockdown' from this point forward) effects on: (i) circadian rhythms; (ii) sleep; (iii) eating; and (iv) training behaviors.
Methods: In total, 3911 athletes [mean age: 25.1 (range 18-61) years, 1764 female (45%), 2427 team-sport (63%) and 1442 elite (37%) athletes] from 49 countries completed a multilingual cross-sectional survey including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index questionnaires, alongside bespoke questions about napping, training, and nutrition behaviors.
Results: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (4.3 ± 2.4 to 5.8 ± 3.1) and Insomnia Severity Index (4.8 ± 4.7 to 7.2 ± 6.4) scores increased from pre- to during lockdown (p < 0.001). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was predominantly influenced by sleep-onset latency (p < 0.001; + 29.8%), sleep efficiency (p < 0.001; - 21.1%), and total sleep time (p < 0.001; - 20.1%), whilst Insomnia Severity Index was affected by sleep-onset latency (p < 0.001; + 21.4%), bedtime (p < 0.001; + 9.4%), and eating after midnight (p < 0.001; + 9.1%). During lockdown, athletes reported fewer training sessions per week (- 29.1%; d = 0.99). Athletes went to bed (+ 75 min; 5.4%; d = 1.14) and woke up (+ 150 min; 34.5%; d = 1.71) later during lockdown with an increased total sleep time (+ 48 min; 10.6%; d = 0.83). Lockdown-mediated circadian disruption had more deleterious effects on the sleep quality of individual-sport athletes compared with team-sport athletes (p < 0.001; d = 0.41), elite compared with non-elite athletes (p = 0.028; d = 0.44) and older compared with younger (p = 0.008; d = 0.46) athletes.
Conclusions: These lockdown-induced behavioral changes reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia in athletes. Data-driven and evidence-based recommendations to counter these include, but are not limited to: (i) early outdoor training; (ii) regular meal scheduling (whilst avoiding meals prior to bedtime and caffeine in the evening) with appropriate composition; (iii) regular bedtimes and wake-up times; and (iv) avoidance of long and/or late naps.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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