Deep Learning for Lung Cancer Detection on Screening CT Scans: Results of a Large-Scale Public Competition and an Observer Study with 11 Radiologists.

Autor:	Jacobs C; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Setio AAA; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Scholten ET; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Gerke PK; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Bhattacharya H; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., M Hoesein FA; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Brink M; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Ranschaert E; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., de Jong PA; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Silva M; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Geurts B; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Chung K; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Schalekamp S; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Meersschaert J; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Devaraj A; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Pinsky PF; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Lam SC; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., van Ginneken B; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.)., Farahani K; Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (C.J., A.A.A.S., E.T.S., P.K.G., H.B., M.B., B.G., S.S., B.v.G.); Department of Digital Technology & Innovation, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (A.A.A.S.); Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (F.A.M.H., P.A.d.J.); ETZ (Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis), Tilburg, the Netherlands (E.R.); Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy (M.S.); Department of Radiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands (K.C., S.S.); Department of Radiology, AZ Zeno, Knokke-Heist, Belgium (J.M.); Department of Imaging, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (A.D.); Division of Cancer Prevention (P.F.P.) and Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology (K.F.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; British Columbia Cancer Agency and the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (S.C.L.); and Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany (B.v.G.).
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Radiology. Artificial intelligence [Radiol Artif Intell] 2021 Oct 27; Vol. 3 (6), pp. e210027. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 27 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.1148/ryai.2021210027
Abstrakt:	Purpose: To determine whether deep learning algorithms developed in a public competition could identify lung cancer on low-dose CT scans with a performance similar to that of radiologists. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a dataset consisting of 300 patient scans was used for model assessment; 150 patient scans were from the competition set and 150 were from an independent dataset. Both test datasets contained 50 cancer-positive scans and 100 cancer-negative scans. The reference standard was set by histopathologic examination for cancer-positive scans and imaging follow-up for at least 2 years for cancer-negative scans. The test datasets were applied to the three top-performing algorithms from the Kaggle Data Science Bowl 2017 public competition: grt123, Julian de Wit and Daniel Hammack (JWDH), and Aidence. Model outputs were compared with an observer study of 11 radiologists that assessed the same test datasets. Each scan was scored on a continuous scale by both the deep learning algorithms and the radiologists. Performance was measured using multireader, multicase receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.877 (95% CI: 0.842, 0.910) for grt123, 0.902 (95% CI: 0.871, 0.932) for JWDH, and 0.900 (95% CI: 0.870, 0.928) for Aidence. The average AUC of the radiologists was 0.917 (95% CI: 0.889, 0.945), which was significantly higher than grt123 ( P = .02); however, no significant difference was found between the radiologists and JWDH ( P = .29) or Aidence ( P = .26). Conclusion: Deep learning algorithms developed in a public competition for lung cancer detection in low-dose CT scans reached performance close to that of radiologists. Keywords: Lung, CT, Thorax, Screening, Oncology Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2021. Competing Interests: Disclosures of conflicts of interest: C.J. Royalties from Veolity from MeVis Medical Solutions. A.A.A.S. Patents planned, issued, or pending from Siemens Healthineers; stock or stock options from Siemens Healthineers. E.T.S. No relevant relationships. P.K.G. No relevant relationships. H.B. No relevant relationships. F.A.M.H. No relevant relationships. M.B. Payment for speaker bureau/speaker CT webinars from Canon Medical Systems Europe. E.R. No relevant relationships. P.A.d.J. Departmental grants from Philips Healthcare, Sanifit. M.S. No relevant relationships. B.G. Stock or stock options from CRISPR Technologies, C2.ai, Teladoc, Nanostring technologies, Bionano genomics, Infinity Pharmaceuticals. K.C. No relevant relationships. S.S. No relevant relationships. J.M. No relevant relationships. A.D. Consulting fees from Brainomix. P.F.P. No relevant relationships. S.C.L. Grants from Terry Fox Research Institute, British Columbia Cancer Foundation, and VGH-UBC Hospital Foundation; expert advisor for Canadian Partnership Against Cancer; Chair, Pan-Canadian Lung Screening Network. B.v.G. Grants from the Dutch Science Foundation; royalties or licenses from Thirona, MeVis Medical Solutions, Delft Imaging; stock or stock options in Thirona; cofounder, Thirona. K.F. No relevant relationships. (2021 by the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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