Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety.

Autor:	Geronimo ACR; Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil., Melo ESP; Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil., Silva KRN; Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil., Pereira HS; Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil., Nascimento VA; Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil., Machate DJ; Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil.; Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil., do Nascimento VA; Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande/MS, Campo Grande, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in pharmacology [Front Pharmacol] 2021 Nov 10; Vol. 12, pp. 772928. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 10 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fphar.2021.772928
Abstrakt:	The present study estimated the human health risk assessment and daily intake of heavy metals and metalloids in herbal medicines used to treat anxiety in Brazil. Six different brands of herbal medicines were purchased in the city of Campo Grande/MS, Brazil: Pasalix ® , Calman ® , Serenus ® , Maracugina ® , Prakalmar ® and Calmasyn ® . In total, eight elements including As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb were analyzed using optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES). Only the concentration of As in the herbal medicine Prakalmar ® is above the values established by United States Pharmacopoeia Convention (USP) and Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (BF) for permitted concentration of elemental impurities in drugs substances. The concentration of Ba, Cd, Co, Cr and Cu in all herbal medicines are lower than the values set by USP and FB. The concentration of Pb in Calman ® is lower than the limits established by BF, but higher than those established by USP. Pasalix, Serenus ® , Calmasyn ® , Prakalmar ® and Marcacugina ® have a higher Pb concentration than the values allowed by USP and BF. All herbal medications have concentrations within safe ranges for human consumption, with the exception of Calmasyn ® , which has Pb over the value defined by USP for oral permissible daily exposure (PDE) for elemental impurities. The values of estimated daily intake ( EDI ) of metal (loid)s in adults and children obtained from the consumption of the herbal medicines are below the values stipulated by the minimal risk levels (MRLs). All the hazard index ( HI ) values recorded in this study were below 1. However, monitoring by regulatory agency is necessary, large doses of heavy metal may cause acute or chronic toxicities. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Geronimo, Melo, Silva, Pereira, Nascimento, Machate and do Nascimento.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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