Microglia and monocytes in inflammatory CNS disease: integrating phenotype and function.

Autor: Spiteri AG; Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.; Sydney Cytometry Facility, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.; Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia., Wishart CL; Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.; Sydney Cytometry Facility, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.; Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia., Pamphlett R; Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.; Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia., Locatelli G; Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland., King NJC; Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. nicholas.king@sydney.edu.au.; Sydney Cytometry Facility, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. nicholas.king@sydney.edu.au.; Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. nicholas.king@sydney.edu.au.; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia. nicholas.king@sydney.edu.au.; The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. nicholas.king@sydney.edu.au.; The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. nicholas.king@sydney.edu.au.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Acta neuropathologica [Acta Neuropathol] 2022 Feb; Vol. 143 (2), pp. 179-224. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 01.
DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02384-2
Abstrakt: In neurological diseases, the actions of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS parenchyma, may diverge from, or intersect with, those of recruited monocytes to drive immune-mediated pathology. However, defining the precise roles of each cell type has historically been impeded by the lack of discriminating markers and experimental systems capable of accurately identifying them. Our ability to distinguish microglia from monocytes in neuroinflammation has advanced with single-cell technologies, new markers and drugs that identify and deplete them, respectively. Nevertheless, the focus of individual studies on particular cell types, diseases or experimental approaches has limited our ability to connect phenotype and function more widely and across diverse CNS pathologies. Here, we critically review, tabulate and integrate the disease-specific functions and immune profiles of microglia and monocytes to provide a comprehensive atlas of myeloid responses in viral encephalitis, demyelination, neurodegeneration and ischemic injury. In emphasizing the differential roles of microglia and monocytes in the severe neuroinflammatory disease of viral encephalitis, we connect inflammatory pathways common to equally incapacitating diseases with less severe inflammation. We examine these findings in the context of human studies and highlight the benefits and inherent limitations of animal models that may impede or facilitate clinical translation. This enables us to highlight common and contrasting, non-redundant and often opposing roles of microglia and monocytes in disease that could be targeted therapeutically.
(© 2021. The Author(s).)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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