Peripheral innate and adaptive immune cells during COVID-19: Functional neutrophils, pro-inflammatory monocytes, and half-dead lymphocytes.

Autor: Ekşioğlu-Demiralp E; Tissue Typing and Immunology Laboratory, Istanbul Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Alan S; Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Sili U; Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey., Bakan D; Department of Chest Diseases, ÜsküdarÜniversitesi, Istanbul Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Ocak İ; Department of Intensive Care, Istanbul Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Yürekli R; Tissue Typing and Immunology Laboratory, Istanbul Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Alpay N; Department of Nephrology, Istanbul Hizmet Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Görçin S; Department of Nephrology, Istanbul Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Yıldız A; Department of Nephrology, Istanbul Memorial Şişli Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry [Cytometry B Clin Cytom] 2022 Mar; Vol. 102 (2), pp. 153-167. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 30.
DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22042
Abstrakt: Background: A better understanding of innate and adaptive cells in COVID-19 is necessary for the development of effective treatment methods and vaccines.
Methods: We studied phenotypic features of innate and adaptive immune cells, oxidative burst, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. One hundred and three patients with COVID-19 were grouped according to their clinical features into the categories of mild (35%), moderate (40.8%), and severe (24.3%).
Results: Monocytes were CD16 + pro-inflammatory monocytes and tended to shed their HLA-DR, especially in severe cases (p < 0.01). Neutrophils were mature and functional, although a decline of their CD10 and CD16 was observed (p < 0.01). No defect was found in the reactive oxygen species production and their apoptosis. The percentage of natural killer cells was in the normal range, whereas the percentages of CD8 + NK and CD56 + T lymphocytes were found to be high (p < 0.01). Although the absolute numbers of all lymphocyte subsets were low and showed a tendency for a gradual decrease in accordance with the disease progression, the most decreased absolute number was that of B lymphocytes, followed by CD4 + T cells in the severe cases. The percentages of double-negative T cells; HLA-DR + CD3 + and CD28 - CD8 + subsets were found to be significantly increased. Importantly, we demonstrated the increased baseline activation of caspase-3 and increased lymphocyte apoptosis.
Conclusion: We suggest that SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the lymphocytes and not the innate cells. The increased baseline activation of Caspase-3 could make the COVID-19 lymphocytes more vulnerable to cell death. Therefore, this may interrupt the crosstalk between the adaptive and innate immune systems.
(© 2021 International Clinical Cytometry Society.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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