General insight into cancer: An overview of colorectal cancer (Review).

Autor: Alzahrani SM; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia., Al Doghaither HA; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia., Al-Ghafari AB; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Molecular and clinical oncology [Mol Clin Oncol] 2021 Dec; Vol. 15 (6), pp. 271. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 01.
DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2433
Abstrakt: Cancer is currently among the leading causes of mortality globally. Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second among the most common types of cancer in terms of mortality worldwide. This type of cancer arises from mutations in the colonic and rectal epithelial tissues that target oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and genes related to DNA repair mechanisms. The aim of the present review was to provide an explanation of CRC classification, which is carried out according to the histological subtype, location and molecular pathways implicated in its development. The pathogenic mechanisms implicated in CRC may involve one of three different molecular pathways: Chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability and cytosine preceding guanine island methylator phenotype. In addition, a variety of mutated genes associated with CRC, which affect certain signaling pathways, including DNA mismatch repair, cell cycle checkpoints and apoptotic pathways, were discussed. Moreover, a brief description of the risk factors and the symptoms associated with CRC was also provided. Finally, the treatment approaches to CRC were outlined.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
(Copyright © 2020, Spandidos Publications.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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