Detection and Monitoring of Mycobacterium leprae Infection in Nine Banded Armadillos ( Dasypus novemcinctus ) Using a Quantitative Rapid Test.

Autor:	Zhou Z; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands., Pena M; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Health Systems Bureau, National Hansen Disease Programme (NHDP), Baton Rouge, LA, United States., van Hooij A; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands., Pierneef L; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands., de Jong D; Department Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands., Stevenson R; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Health Systems Bureau, National Hansen Disease Programme (NHDP), Baton Rouge, LA, United States., Walley R; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Health Systems Bureau, National Hansen Disease Programme (NHDP), Baton Rouge, LA, United States., Corstjens PLAM; Department Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands., Truman R; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States., Adams L; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Health Systems Bureau, National Hansen Disease Programme (NHDP), Baton Rouge, LA, United States., Geluk A; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in microbiology [Front Microbiol] 2021 Oct 28; Vol. 12, pp. 763289. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 28 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2021.763289
Abstrakt:	Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae with tropism for skin and peripheral nerves. Incessant transmission in endemic areas is still impeding elimination of leprosy. Although detection of M. leprae infection remains a challenge in asymptomatic individuals, the presence of antibodies specific for phenolglycolipid-I (PGL-I) correlate with bacterial load. Therefore, serosurveillance utilizing field-friendly tests detecting anti-PGL-I antibodies, can be applied to identify those who may transmit bacteria and to study (reduction of) M. leprae transmission. However, serology based on antibody detection cannot discriminate between past and present M. leprae infection in humans, nor can it detect individuals carrying low bacillary loads. In humans, anti-PGL-I IgM levels are long-lasting and usually detected in more individuals than anti-PGL-I IgG levels. Inherent to the characteristically long incubation time of leprosy, IgM/IgG relations (antibody kinetics) in leprosy patients and infected individuals are not completely clear. To investigate the antibody response directly after infection, we have measured antibody levels by ELISA, in longitudinal samples of experimentally M. leprae infected, susceptible nine-banded armadillos ( Dasypus novemcinctus ). In addition, we assessed the user- and field-friendly, low-cost lateral flow assay (LFA) utilizing upconverting reporter particles (UCP), developed for quantitative detection of human anti-PGL-I IgM (UCP-LFA), to detect treatment- or vaccination-induced changes in viable bacterial load. Our results show that serum levels of anti-PGL-I IgM, and to a lesser extent IgG, significantly increase soon after experimental M. leprae infection in armadillos. In view of leprosy phenotypes in armadillos, this animal model can provide useful insight into antibody kinetics in early infection in the various spectral forms of human leprosy. The UCP-LFA for quantitative detection of anti-PGL-I IgM allows monitoring the efficacy of vaccination and rifampin-treatment in the armadillo leprosy model, thereby providing a convenient tool to evaluate the effects of drugs and vaccines and new diagnostics. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer WL declared a past collaboration with one of the author MP to the handling editor. (Copyright © 2021 Zhou, Pena, van Hooij, Pierneef, de Jong, Stevenson, Walley, Corstjens, Truman, Adams and Geluk.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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