Effect of Sewerage on the Contamination of Soil with Pathogenic Leptospira in Urban Slums.

Autor:	Casanovas-Massana A; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States., Neves Souza F; Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40110-040, Brazil.; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil., Curry M; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States., de Oliveira D; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil., de Oliveira AS; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil., Eyre MT; Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40110-040, Brazil.; Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom., Santiago D; Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40110-040, Brazil., Aguiar Santos M; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil., Serra RMR; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil., Lopes E; Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40110-040, Brazil., Xavier BI; Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40110-040, Brazil., Diggle PJ; Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom., Wunder EA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil., Reis MG; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil.; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40026-010, Brazil., Ko AI; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil., Costa F; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States.; Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia 40110-040, Brazil.; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Environmental science & technology [Environ Sci Technol] 2021 Dec 07; Vol. 55 (23), pp. 15882-15890. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 12.
DOI:	10.1021/acs.est.1c04916
Abstrakt:	Leptospirosis is an environmentally transmitted zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. that affects poor communities worldwide. In urban slums, leptospirosis is associated with deficient sanitary infrastructure. Yet, the role of sewerage in the reduction of the environmental contamination with pathogenic Leptospira has not been explored. Here, we conducted a survey of the pathogen in soils surrounding open and closed sewer sections in six urban slums in Brazil. We found that soils surrounding conventionally closed sewers (governmental interventions) were 3 times less likely to contain pathogenic Leptospira (inverse OR 3.44, 95% CI = 1.66-8.33; p < 0.001) and contained a 6 times lower load of the pathogen (0.82 log 10 units difference, p < 0.01) when compared to their open counterparts. However, no differences were observed in community-closed sewers (poor-quality closings performed by the slum dwellers). Human fecal markers (BacHum) were positively associated with pathogenic Leptospira even in closed sewers, and rat presence was not predictive of the presence of the pathogen in soils, suggesting that site-specific rodent control may not be sufficient to reduce the environmental contamination with Leptospira . Overall, our results indicate that sewerage expansion to urban slums may help reduce the environmental contamination with the pathogen and therefore reduce the risk of human leptospirosis.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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