Estimating Intra-Urban Inequities in PM 2.5 -Attributable Health Impacts: A Case Study for Washington, DC.

Autor: Castillo MD; George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health Washington DC USA., Kinney PL; Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA., Southerland V; George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health Washington DC USA., Arno CA; District of Columbia Department of Health Office of Health Equity Washington DC USA., Crawford K; District of Columbia Department of Energy & Environment Air Quality Division Washington DC USA., van Donkelaar A; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada.; Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA., Hammer M; Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA., Martin RV; Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO USA.; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada., Anenberg SC; George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health Washington DC USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: GeoHealth [Geohealth] 2021 Nov 01; Vol. 5 (11), pp. e2021GH000431. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 01 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI: 10.1029/2021GH000431
Abstrakt: Air pollution levels are uneven within cities, contributing to persistent health disparities between neighborhoods and population sub-groups. Highly spatially resolved information on pollution levels and disease rates is necessary to characterize inequities in air pollution exposure and related health risks. We leverage recent advances in deriving surface pollution levels from satellite remote sensing and granular data in disease rates for one city, Washington, DC, to assess intra-urban heterogeneity in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 )- attributable mortality and morbidity. We estimate PM 2.5 -attributable cases of all-cause mortality, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, stroke, and asthma emergency department (ED) visits using epidemiologically derived health impact functions. Data inputs include satellite-derived annual mean surface PM 2.5 concentrations; age-resolved population estimates; and statistical neighborhood-, zip code- and ward-scale disease counts. We find that PM 2.5 concentrations and associated health burdens have decreased in DC between 2000 and 2018, from approximately 240 to 120 cause-specific deaths and from 40 to 30 asthma ED visits per year (between 2014 and 2018). However, remaining PM 2.5 -attributable health risks are unevenly and inequitably distributed across the District. Higher PM 2.5 -attributable disease burdens were found in neighborhoods with larger proportions of people of color, lower household income, and lower educational attainment. Our study adds to the growing body of literature documenting the inequity in air pollution exposure levels and pollution health risks between population sub-groups, and highlights the need for both high-resolution disease rates and concentration estimates for understanding intra-urban disparities in air pollution-related health risks.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this study.
(© 2021 The Authors. GeoHealth published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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