Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Expression in the Aged Brain and Visual System.

Autor:	Hill JM; LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, New Orleans, USA.; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.; Department of Pharmacology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, USA.; Department of Microbiology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, USA., Clement C; Experimental Therapeutics and Human Toxicology Lab, Southern University, New Orleans, USA., Arceneaux L; LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, New Orleans, USA., Lukiw WJ; LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences, New Orleans, USA.; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Journal of aging science [J Aging Sci] 2021; Vol. Vol 9 (Suppl 7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 30.
Abstrakt:	Multiple lines of evidence currently indicate that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gains entry into human host cells via a high-affinity interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transmembrane receptor. Research has further shown the widespread expression of the ACE2 receptor on the surface of many different immune, non-immune and neural host cell types, and that SARS-CoV-2 has the remarkable capability to attack many different types of human-host cells simultaneously. One principal neuroanatomical region for high ACE2 expression patterns occurs in the brainstem, an area of the brain containing regulatory centers for respiration, and this may in part explain the predisposition of many COVID-19 patients to respiratory distress. Early studies also indicated extensive ACE2 expression in the whole eye and the brain's visual circuitry in aged humans. In this study we analyzed ACE2 receptor expression at the mRNA and protein level in multiple cell types involved in human vision, including cell types of the external eye and several deep brain regions known to be involved in the processing of visual signals. Here we provide evidence: ( i ) that many different optical and neural cell types of the human visual system provide receptors essential for SARS-CoV-2 invasion; ( ii ) of the remarkable ubiquity of ACE2 presence in cells of the eye and anatomical regions of the brain involved in visual signal processing; ( iii ) that ACE2 receptor expression in different ocular cell types and visual processing centers of the brain provide multiple compartments for SARS-CoV-2 infiltration; and ( iv) of a gradient of increasing ACE2 expression from the anterior surface of the eye to the visual signal processing areas of the occipital lobe and the primary visual neocortex. A gradient of ACE2 expression from the eye surface to the occipital lobe may provide the SARS-CoV-2 virus a novel pathway from the outer eye into deeper anatomical regions of the brain involved in vision. These findings may explain, in part, the many recently reported neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 affected patients. Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest of any kind with any of the material presented in this research report. The authors declare that they have no competing interests associated with any data in this report.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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