Signalling mechanisms in the cardiovascular protective effects of estrogen: With a focus on rapid/membrane signalling.

Autor:	Niță AR; School of Bioscience Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK., Knock GA; School of Bioscience Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK.; School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK., Heads RJ; School of Bioscience Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK.; Cardiovascular Research Section, King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Current research in physiology [Curr Res Physiol] 2021 Mar 28; Vol. 4, pp. 103-118. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 28 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.1016/j.crphys.2021.03.003
Abstrakt:	In modern society, cardiovascular disease remains the biggest single threat to life, being responsible for approximately one third of worldwide deaths. Male prevalence is significantly higher than that of women until after menopause, when the prevalence of CVD increases in females until it eventually exceeds that of men. Because of the coincidence of CVD prevalence increasing after menopause, the role of estrogen in the cardiovascular system has been intensively researched during the past two decades in vitro , in vivo and in observational studies. Most of these studies suggested that endogenous estrogen confers cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, clinical studies of the cardioprotective effects of hormone replacement therapies (HRT) not only failed to produce proof of protective effects, but also revealed the potential harm estrogen could cause. The "critical window of hormone therapy" hypothesis affirms that the moment of its administration is essential for positive treatment outcomes, pre-menopause (3-5 years before menopause) and immediately post menopause being thought to be the most appropriate time for intervention. Since many of the cardioprotective effects of estrogen signaling are mediated by effects on the vasculature, this review aims to discuss the effects of estrogen on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) with a focus on the role of estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ and GPER) in triggering the more recently discovered rapid, or membrane delimited (non-genomic), signaling cascades that are vital for regulating vascular tone, preventing hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (© 2021 The Author(s).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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