Structural Differences Across Multiple Visual Cortical Regions in the Absence of Cone Function in Congenital Achromatopsia.

Autor:	Lowndes R; Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.; York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom., Molz B; Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.; Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands., Warriner L; Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom., Herbik A; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany., de Best PB; MRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel., Raz N; MRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel., Gouws A; York Neuroimaging Centre, Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom., Ahmadi K; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany., McLean RJ; University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom., Gottlob I; University of Leicester Ulverscroft Eye Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom., Kohl S; Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Clinics Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Choritz L; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany., Maguire J; School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom., Kanowski M; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany., Käsmann-Kellner B; Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany., Wieland I; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany., Banin E; Degenerative Diseases of the Retina Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel., Levin N; MRI Unit, Department of Neurology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel., Hoffmann MB; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany., Morland AB; Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom., Baseler HA; Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom.; Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in neuroscience [Front Neurosci] 2021 Oct 14; Vol. 15, pp. 718958. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 14 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.3389/fnins.2021.718958
Abstrakt:	Most individuals with congenital achromatopsia (ACHM) carry mutations that affect the retinal phototransduction pathway of cone photoreceptors, fundamental to both high acuity vision and colour perception. As the central fovea is occupied solely by cones, achromats have an absence of retinal input to the visual cortex and a small central area of blindness. Additionally, those with complete ACHM have no colour perception, and colour processing regions of the ventral cortex also lack typical chromatic signals from the cones. This study examined the cortical morphology (grey matter volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area) of multiple visual cortical regions in ACHM ( n = 15) compared to normally sighted controls ( n = 42) to determine the cortical changes that are associated with the retinal characteristics of ACHM. Surface-based morphometry was applied to T1-weighted MRI in atlas-defined early, ventral and dorsal visual regions of interest. Reduced grey matter volume in V1, V2, V3, and V4 was found in ACHM compared to controls, driven by a reduction in cortical surface area as there was no significant reduction in cortical thickness. Cortical surface area (but not thickness) was reduced in a wide range of areas (V1, V2, V3, TO1, V4, and LO1). Reduction in early visual areas with large foveal representations (V1, V2, and V3) suggests that the lack of foveal input to the visual cortex was a major driving factor in morphological changes in ACHM. However, the significant reduction in ventral area V4 coupled with the lack of difference in dorsal areas V3a and V3b suggest that deprivation of chromatic signals to visual cortex in ACHM may also contribute to changes in cortical morphology. This research shows that the congenital lack of cone input to the visual cortex can lead to widespread structural changes across multiple visual areas. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Lowndes, Molz, Warriner, Herbik, de Best, Raz, Gouws, Ahmadi, McLean, Gottlob, Kohl, Choritz, Maguire, Kanowski, Käsmann-Kellner, Wieland, Banin, Levin, Hoffmann, Morland and Baseler.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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