Microanatomy of the Frontal Branch of the Facial Nerve: The Role of Nerve Caliber and Axonal Capacity.

Autor:	Ruewe M; From the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg; Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University; Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg., Engelmann S; From the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg; Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University; Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg., Huang CW; From the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg; Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University; Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg., Klein SM; From the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg; Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University; Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg., Anker AM; From the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg; Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University; Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg., Lamby P; From the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg; Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University; Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg., Bleys RLAW; From the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg; Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University; Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg., Tamm ER; From the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg; Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University; Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg., Prantl L; From the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg; Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University; Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg., Kehrer A; From the Department of Plastic, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg; Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University; Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Regensburg.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Plastic and reconstructive surgery [Plast Reconstr Surg] 2021 Dec 01; Vol. 148 (6), pp. 1357-1365.
DOI:	10.1097/PRS.0000000000008586
Abstrakt:	Background: A commonly seen issue in facial palsy patients is brow ptosis caused by paralysis of the frontalis muscle powered by the frontal branch of the facial nerve. Predominantly, static methods are used for correction. Functional restoration concepts include the transfer of the deep temporal branch of the trigeminal nerve and cross-facial nerve grafts. Both techniques can neurotize the original mimic muscles in early cases or power muscle transplants in late cases. Because axonal capacity is particularly important in cross-facial nerve graft procedures, the authors investigated the microanatomical features of the frontal branch to provide the basis for its potential use and to ease intraoperative donor nerve selection. Methods: Nerve biopsy specimens from 106 fresh-frozen cadaver facial halves were obtained. Histologic processing and digitalization were followed by nerve morphometric analysis and semiautomated axon quantification. Results: The frontal branch showed a median of three fascicles (n = 100; range, one to nine fascicles). A mean axonal capacity of 1191 ± 668 axons (range, 186 to 3539 axons; n = 88) and an average cross-sectional diameter of 1.01 ± 0.26 mm (range, 0.43 to 1.74 mm; n = 67) were noted. In the linear regression model, diameter and axonal capacity demonstrated a positive relation (n = 57; r2 = 0.32; p < 0.001). Based on that equation, a nerve measuring 1 mm is expected to carry 1339 axons. Conclusion: The authors' analysis on the microanatomy of the frontal branch could promote clinical use of cross-facial nerve graft procedures in frontalis muscle neurotization and free muscle transplantations. (Copyright © 2021 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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