Thermal history of alfalfa leafcutting bees affects nesting and diapause incidence.

Autor:	Earls KN; Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA., Porter MS; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA., Rinehart JP; Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Station, Fargo, ND 58102, USA., Greenlee KJ; Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Journal of experimental biology [J Exp Biol] 2021 Nov 15; Vol. 224 (22). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 26.
DOI:	10.1242/jeb.243242
Abstrakt:	Variable spring temperatures may expose developing insects to sublethal conditions, resulting in long-term consequences. The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, overwinters as a prepupa inside a brood cell, resuming development in spring. During these immobile stages of development, bees must tolerate unfavorable temperatures. In this study, we tested how exposure to low temperature stress during development affects subsequent reproduction and characteristics of the F1 generation. Developing male and female M. rotundata were exposed to either constant (6°C) or fluctuating (1 h day-1 at 20°C) low temperature stress for 1 week, during the pupal stage, to mimic a spring cold snap. Treated adults were marked and released into field cages, and reproductive output was compared with that of untreated control bees. Exposure to low temperatures during the pupal stage had mixed effects on reproduction and offspring characteristics. Females treated with fluctuating low temperatures were more likely to nest compared with control bees or those exposed to constant low temperature stress. Sublethal effects may have contributed to low nesting rates of bees exposed to constant low temperatures. Females from that group that were able to nest had fewer, larger offspring with high viability, suggesting a trade-off. Interestingly, offspring of bees exposed to fluctuating low temperatures were more likely to enter diapause, indicating that thermal history of parents, even during development, is an important factor in diapause determination. Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. (© 2021. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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