Pervasive Neglect of Sex Differences in Biomedical Research.

Autor:	Zucker I; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA., Prendergast BJ; Department of Psychology and Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA., Beery AK; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.; Program in Neuroscience, Departments of Psychology and Biology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology [Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol] 2022 May 17; Vol. 14 (4). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 17.
DOI:	10.1101/cshperspect.a039156
Abstrakt:	Females have long been underrepresented in preclinical research and clinical drug trials. Directives by the U.S. National Institutes of Health have increased female participation in research protocols, although analysis of outcomes by sex remains infrequent. The long-held view that traits of female rats and mice are more variable than those of males is discredited, supporting equal representation of both sexes in most studies. Drug pharmacokinetic analysis reveals that, among subjects administered a standard drug dose, women are exposed to higher blood drug concentrations and longer drug elimination times. This contributes to increased adverse drug reactions in women and suggests that women are routinely overmedicated and should be administered lower drug doses than men. The past decade has seen progress in female inclusion, but key subsequent steps such as sex-based analysis and sex-specific drug dosing remain to be implemented. (Copyright © 2022 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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