Combating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in COVID-19 by Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: Mechanisms and Perspectives.

Autor: Alwazeer D; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Igdir University, 76000 Igdır, Turkey.; Research Center for Redox Applications in Foods (RCRAF), Igdir University, 76000 Igdır, Turkey.; Innovative Food Technologies Development, Application, and Research Center, Igdir University, 76000 Igdır, Turkey., Liu FF; Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3M2., Wu XY; Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3M2., LeBaron TW; Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.; Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, Utah, USA.; Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, 84720 Utah, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity [Oxid Med Cell Longev] 2021 Oct 04; Vol. 2021, pp. 5513868. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 04 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5513868
Abstrakt: COVID-19 is a widespread global pandemic with nearly 185 million confirmed cases and about four million deaths. It is caused by an infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which primarily affects the alveolar type II pneumocytes. The infection induces pathological responses including increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This situation results in impaired gas exchange, hypoxia, and other sequelae that lead to multisystem organ failure and death. As summarized in this article, many interventions and therapeutics have been proposed and investigated to combat the viral infection-induced inflammation and oxidative stress that contributes to the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19. However, these methods have not significantly improved treatment outcomes. This may partly be attributable to their inability at restoring redox and inflammatory homeostasis, for which molecular hydrogen (H 2 ), an emerging novel medical gas, may complement. Herein, we systematically review the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms of H 2 . Its small molecular size and nonpolarity allow H 2 to rapidly diffuse through cell membranes and penetrate cellular organelles. H 2 has been demonstrated to suppress NF- κ B inflammatory signaling and induce the Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway, as well as to improve mitochondrial function and enhance cellular bioenergetics. Many preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of H 2 in varying diseases, including COVID-19. However, the exact mechanisms, primary modes of action, and its true clinical effects remain to be delineated and verified. Accordingly, additional mechanistic and clinical research into this novel medical gas to combat COVID-19 complications is warranted.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
(Copyright © 2021 Duried Alwazeer et al.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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