Cryoconite - From minerals and organic matter to bioengineered sediments on glacier's surfaces.

Autor: Rozwalak P; Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland; Geohazards Research Unit, Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland., Podkowa P; Department of Avian Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Buda J; Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Niedzielski P; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Kawecki S; Private person, Poznań, Poland., Ambrosini R; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Azzoni RS; Department of Earth Sciences, 'Ardito Desio', University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Baccolo G; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy., Ceballos JL; Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies, IDEAM, Bogota, Colombia., Cook J; Department of Environmental Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark., Di Mauro B; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Venice, Italy., Ficetola GF; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, University Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France., Franzetti A; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy., Ignatiuk D; University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Earth Sciences, Bedzinska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland., Klimaszyk P; Department of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland., Łokas E; Department of Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland., Ono M; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan., Parnikoza I; State Institution National Antarctic Center of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine., Pietryka M; Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland., Pittino F; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy., Poniecka E; Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Porazinska DL; Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Richter D; Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland., Schmidt SK; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA., Sommers P; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA., Souza-Kasprzyk J; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Stibal M; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic., Szczuciński W; Geohazards Research Unit, Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland., Uetake J; Field Research Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan., Wejnerowski Ł; Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland., Yde JC; Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway., Takeuchi N; Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan., Zawierucha K; Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland. Electronic address: k.p.zawierucha@gmail.com.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2022 Feb 10; Vol. 807 (Pt 2), pp. 150874. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 08.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150874
Abstrakt: Cryoconite is a mixture of mineral and organic material covering glacial ice, playing important roles in biogeochemical cycles and lowering the albedo of a glacier surface. Understanding the differences in structure of cryoconite across the globe can be important in recognizing past and future changes in supraglacial environments and ice-organisms-minerals interactions. Despite the worldwide distribution and over a century of studies, the basic characteristics of cryoconite, including its forms and geochemistry, remain poorly studied. The major purpose of our study is the presentation and description of morphological diversity, chemical and photoautotrophs composition, and organic matter content of cryoconite sampled from 33 polar and mountain glaciers around the globe. Observations revealed that cryoconite is represented by various morphologies including loose and granular forms. Granular cryoconite includes smooth, rounded, or irregularly shaped forms; with some having their surfaces covered by cyanobacteria filaments. The occurrence of granules increased with the organic matter content in cryoconite. Moreover, a major driver of cryoconite colouring was the concentration of organic matter and its interplay with minerals. The structure of cyanobacteria and algae communities in cryoconite differs between glaciers, but representatives of cyanobacteria families Pseudanabaenaceae and Phormidiaceae, and algae families Mesotaeniaceae and Ulotrichaceae were the most common. The most of detected cyanobacterial taxa are known to produce polymeric substances (EPS) that may cement granules. Organic matter content in cryoconite varied between glaciers, ranging from 1% to 38%. The geochemistry of all the investigated samples reflected local sediment sources, except of highly concentrated Pb and Hg in cryoconite collected from European glaciers near industrialized regions, corroborating cryoconite as element-specific collector and potential environmental indicator of anthropogenic activity. Our work supports a notion that cryoconite may be more than just simple sediment and instead exhibits complex structure with relevance for biodiversity and the functioning of glacial ecosystems.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
Externí odkaz: