A critical review on the development of wax inhibiting agent in facilitating remediation process of contaminated groundwater.

Autor: Alpandi AH; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.; Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia., Husin H; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. hazlina.husin@utp.edu.my., Sidek A; Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2022 Jul; Vol. 29 (34), pp. 51030-51040. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 06.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16791-1
Abstrakt: Transportation of crude oil and refined petroleum is the main function of pipeline system in petroleum industry. Unfortunately, wax precipitation has become a serious problem for the petroleum industry where it causes pipeline blockage and eventually results in operational catastrophe. Up-to-date, the technique used to mitigate wax deposition by injecting chemical wax inhibiting agent remains a debate amongst researchers. This review addresses the evolution of chemical wax inhibitor generations started from polymer-based in the early 1980s, followed by biosurfactant-based in the late 1990s and finally plant-based or agricultural-based in recent years. Pivoting to environmental impact, petroleum industry is amidst finding a green wax inhibiting agent to solve wax deposition problem that occurs during the transportation of crude oil whilst facilitating the remediation process of contaminated groundwater.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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