Risk assessment for COVID-19 transmission at household level in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from DHS.

Autor: Makinde OA; Viable Knowledge Masters, Plot C114, First Avenue, Gwarimpa, FCT, Abuja, Nigeria.; Viable Helpers Development Organization, Abuja, Nigeria., Akinyemi JO; Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., Ntoimo LF; Federal University Oye, Oye, Ekiti State Nigeria., Ajaero CK; Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.; Demography and Population Studies Program, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Ononokpono D; Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria., Banda PC; Provincial Education Office Ministry of Education, Lusaka, Zambia., Adewoyin Y; University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.; Demography and Population Studies Program, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Petlele R; Demography and Population Studies Program, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Ugwu H; Demography and Population Studies Program, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa., Odimegwu CO; Demography and Population Studies Program, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Genus [Genus] 2021; Vol. 77 (1), pp. 24. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Sep 25.
DOI: 10.1186/s41118-021-00130-w
Abstrakt: Household habitat conditions matter for diseases transmission and control, especially in the case of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). These conditions include availability and adequacy of sanitation facilities, and number of persons per room. Despite this, little attention is being paid to these conditions as a pathway to understanding the transmission and prevention of COVID-19, especially in Africa, where household habitat conditions are largely suboptimal. This study assesses household sanitation and isolation capacities to understand the COVID-19 transmission risk at household level across Africa. We conducted a secondary analysis of the Demographic and Health Surveys of 16 African countries implemented between 2015 and 2018 to understand the status of households for prevention of COVID-19 transmission in home. We assessed handwashing capacity and self-isolation capacity using multiple parameters, and identified households with elderly persons, who are most at risk of the disease. We fitted two-level random intercept logit models to explore independent relationships among the three indicators, while controlling for the selected explanatory variables. Handwashing capacity was highest in Tanzania (48.2%), and lowest in Chad (4.2%), varying by household location (urban or rural), as well as household wealth. Isolation capacity was highest in South Africa (77.4%), and lowest in Ethiopia (30.9%). Senegal had the largest proportion of households with an elderly person (42.1%), while Angola (16.4%) had the lowest. There were strong, independent relationships between handwashing and isolation capacities in a majority of countries. Also, strong associations were found between isolation capacity and presence of older persons in households. Household capacity for COVID-19 prevention varied significantly across countries, with those having elderly household members not necessarily having the best handwashing or isolation capacity. In view of the age risk factors of COVID-19 transmission, and its dependence on handwashing and isolation capacities of households, each country needs to use the extant information on its risk status to shape communication and intervention strategies that will help limit the impact of the disease in its population across Africa.
Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41118-021-00130-w.
Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.
(© The Author(s) 2021.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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